MJC 20 Suggestion 2026-2027 Bankura University English Hons Important SAQ with Answers

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UNIT 1: FOUNDATIONS AND MECHANICS OF RESEARCH

Q1. What is an investigation in research?

Answer: An investigation means a systematic academic inquiry. A researcher collects facts to solve a specific problem.

Q2. What is an exploration approach?

Answer: Exploration provides initial knowledge about an unfamiliar subject. The scholar examines background materials before main testing.

Q3. What is textual analysis?

Answer: Textual analysis examines the core structure of a text. The critic evaluates linguistic and thematic patterns.

Q4. What is a research hypothesis?

Answer: A hypothesis states an expected outcome. The scholar tests this assumption through logical arguments.

Q5. What is a null hypothesis (H₀)?

Answer: A null hypothesis claims zero difference between two factors. The researcher rejects it after finding positive evidence.

Q6. What is an alternative hypothesis (H₁)?

Answer: An alternative hypothesis proposes a definite relationship. The researcher accepts it when the null hypothesis fails.

Q7. What is a problem statement?

Answer: A problem statement defines the main research question. It guides the complete direction of a thesis.

Q8. What is primary data in literary research?

Answer: Primary data consists of original literary works. Students analyze original novels, poems, and plays directly.

Q9. What is secondary data?

Answer: Secondary data includes critical reviews and scholarly books. Scholars consult secondary works to support primary arguments.

Q10. What is tertiary data?

Answer: Tertiary data indexes and organizes existing knowledge. General readers consult encyclopedias, dictionaries, and subject directories.

Q11. What is qualitative data?

Answer: Qualitative data describes non-numerical ideas and literary meanings. The researcher analyzes stylistic themes and imagery.

Q12. What is quantitative data?

Answer: Quantitative data records numbers and exact measurements. Linguists count word frequencies using digital tools.

Q13. What is an archive?

Answer: An archive preserves original historical documents. Researchers inspect unpublished manuscripts and private letters there.

Q14. What is data triangulation?

Answer: Data triangulation uses multiple sources to verify facts. This method increases the validity of an argument.

Q15. What is an in-text citation?

Answer: An in-text citation acknowledges a borrowed idea inside prose. It gives the author's name and page number.

Q16. What is a narrative citation?

Answer: A narrative citation mentions the scholar's name directly inside the sentence. The writer places only the page number in parentheses.

Q17. What is a parenthetical citation?

Answer: A parenthetical citation encloses both author and page in brackets at the sentence end. It informs the reader without interrupting the flow.

Q18. How does a writer format a short quotation in MLA style?

Answer: A writer places a short quotation inside double quotation marks. The sentence incorporates prose passages under four full lines.

Q19. What is a long quotation (block quotation) in MLA style?

Answer: A block quotation contains more than four lines of prose. The student indents the whole block half an inch from the left margin.

Q20. What is the purpose of an appendix?

Answer: An appendix stores lengthy supplementary materials at the end. It holds questionnaires, large tables, and interview transcripts.

Q21. What is a footnote?

Answer: A footnote presents extra explanation at the bottom of the page. A superscript number links the text to the note.

Q22. What is an endnote?

Answer: An endnote lists explanatory notes at the end of a chapter. It prevents visual clutter on the main text page.

Q23. What is a Works Cited list?

Answer: A Works Cited list contains only works directly quoted in the paper. The scholar places this list on the final page.

Q24. What is a Bibliography?

Answer: A Bibliography includes all consulted reference materials. It lists background reading alongside cited works.

Q25. What is the 'Container' concept in MLA 9th Edition?

Answer: A container represents the larger publication holding a short work. A book serves as the container for an individual essay.

Q26. What is a Digital Object Identifier (DOI)?

Answer: A DOI provides a permanent web link for an electronic article. It directs readers to reliable academic journals online.

Q27. What is a hanging indent?

Answer: A hanging indent indents every line of a bibliographic entry except the first line. MLA requires a standard half-inch indentation.

Q28. What does 'et al.' mean in documentation?

Answer: "Et al." means "and others" in Latin. A researcher uses it for sources with three or more authors.

Q29. What is the function of square brackets [...] in quotations?

Answer: Square brackets indicate editorial changes inside a direct quotation. The writer adds explanatory words to clarify meaning.

Q30. What does an ellipsis (...) signify in a quotation?

Answer: An ellipsis marks the intentional omission of words from an original passage. It keeps the quoted sentence compact.

UNIT 2: METHODOLOGY, ETHICS, AND THE WRITING PROCESS

Q31. What is clarity in academic writing?

Answer: Clarity expresses complex thoughts in simple and direct words. A clear sentence avoids ambiguous expressions.

Q32. What is coherence in academic prose?

Answer: Coherence connects separate sentences into a logical sequence. Transition words produce smooth paragraph links.

Q33. What is objective analysis in research?

Answer: Objective analysis presents factual claims without personal emotional bias. The critic supports every point with textual evidence.

Q34. What is hedging in academic prose?

Answer: Hedging uses cautious words like perhaps or suggests. It protects the researcher against overgeneralized claims.

Q35. What is plagiarism?

Answer: Plagiarism steals another writer's words or ideas without attribution. Universities treat this act as academic fraud.

Q36. What is direct plagiarism?

Answer: Direct plagiarism copies exact sentences without quotation marks or credit. It violates copyright laws completely.

Q37. What is patchwriting?

Answer: Patchwriting replaces a few words from a source while copying the core sentence structure. Teachers classify patchwriting as dishonest paraphrasing.

Q38. What is self-plagiarism?

Answer: Self-plagiarism submits previously graded work for new credit. An author needs permission before reusing prior publications.

Q39. What is Stylistics?

Answer: Stylistics applies linguistic rules to literary interpretation. The critic analyzes grammatical and phonetic structures.

Q40. What is foregrounding in Stylistics?

Answer: Foregrounding makes literary words stand out against ordinary language. Writers achieve this through deviation and parallelism.

Q41. What is linguistic deviation?

Answer: Deviation breaks normal grammatical and spelling rules deliberately. Poets create fresh artistic effects through unexpected expressions.

Q42. What is Discourse Analysis (DA)?

Answer: Discourse Analysis investigates language use beyond single sentence boundaries. It studies spoken and written communication in social contexts.

Q43. What is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)?

Answer: CDA exposes hidden power relations and ideologies in discourse. It analyzes how dominant classes control public language.

Q44. What is Close Reading in New Criticism?

Answer: Close reading examines a text without considering the author's private life. Critics study verbal paradox, tension, and irony inside the work.

Q45. What is the Intentional Fallacy?

Answer: The intentional fallacy judges a poem by the author's personal motives. Wimsatt and Beardsley reject the author's intention as proof of value.

Q46. What is Digital Humanities (DH)?

Answer: Digital Humanities combines computer technology with literary studies. Scholars analyze large literary datasets using computer software.

Q47. What is Distant Reading?

Answer: Distant reading processes thousands of books at once through digital tools. Franco Moretti tracks historical genre trends across centuries.

Q48. What is a Research Gap?

Answer: A research gap denotes an unstudied area in existing scholarship. A student formulates new projects to fill this empty space.

Q49. What is Chapterisation?

Answer: Chapterisation divides a research thesis into logical chapters. It organizes ideas from the introduction to the conclusion.

Q50. What is the primary purpose of the Conclusion chapter?

Answer: The conclusion summarizes the main findings of the research paper. It highlights final discoveries and suggests future areas of inquiry.

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