Transformation of Sentences: Simple & Compound to Complex
What is a Complex Sentence? (Complex Sentence কী?)
যে বাক্যে একটি Principal Clause (প্রধান খণ্ডবাক্য) এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause (অধীনস্থ খণ্ডবাক্য) থাকে, তাকে Complex Sentence বা জটিল বাক্য বলে। Subordinate Clause গুলি সাধারণত because, although, if, when, who, which, that ইত্যাদি Binder বা Subordinating Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে।
যে বাক্যে একটি Principal Clause (প্রধান খণ্ডবাক্য) এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause (অধীনস্থ খণ্ডবাক্য) থাকে, তাকে Complex Sentence বা জটিল বাক্য বলে। Subordinate Clause গুলি সাধারণত because, although, if, when, who, which, that ইত্যাদি Binder বা Subordinating Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে।
1. Simple to Complex Sentence Transformation
নিয়ম: Simple sentence-এর কোনো শব্দ বা phrase-কে প্রসারিত করে Subordinate Clause (Noun, Adjective বা Adverb clause) তৈরি করতে হয়।
A. Using Noun Clause (Noun Clause-এর ব্যবহার)
Simple I know his name.
Complex I know what his name is.
Simple He confessed his crime.
Complex He confessed that he had committed a crime.
B. Using Adjective Clause (Adjective Clause-এর ব্যবহার)
Simple I saw a beautiful bird.
Complex I saw a bird which was beautiful.
Simple The boy in the red shirt is my brother.
Complex The boy who is wearing the red shirt is my brother.
Complex The boy who is in the red shirt is my brother.
C. Using Adverb Clause (Adverb Clause-এর ব্যবহার)
Time (সময়):
Simple On seeing the police, the thief ran away.
Complex As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Reason (কারণ):
Simple Being ill, he couldn't come to school.
Complex Since he was ill, he couldn't come to school.
Complex As he was ill, he couldn't come to school.
Condition (শর্ত):
Simple In case of rain, the match will be cancelled.
Complex If it rains, the match will be cancelled.
Contrast (বৈপরীত্য):
Simple Despite his wealth, he is unhappy.
Complex Although he is wealthy, he is unhappy.
2. Compound to Complex Sentence Transformation
নিয়ম: Compound sentence-এর 'and', 'but', 'or', 'so' ইত্যাদি Coordinating Conjunction তুলে দিয়ে 'if', 'though', 'unless', 'as/because' ইত্যাদি Subordinating Conjunction বসাতে হয়।
A. Sentences with "And" ('And' যুক্ত বাক্য)
'And' সাধারণত শর্ত (Condition) বা সময় (Time) বোঝায়। তাই If বা When ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Compound Work hard, and you will pass.
Complex If you work hard, you will pass.
B. Sentences with "But" or "Yet" ('But' বা 'Yet' যুক্ত বাক্য)
এগুলি বৈপরীত্য বোঝায়, তাই বাক্যের শুরুতে Though বা Although বসাতে হয়।
Compound He is poor, but he is honest.
Complex Although he is poor, he is honest.
C. Sentences with "Or" or "Otherwise" ('Or' যুক্ত বাক্য)
এগুলি নেতিবাচক শর্ত বোঝায়, তাই If...not বা Unless ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Compound Run fast, otherwise you will miss the train.
Complex If you do not run fast, you will miss the train.
D. Sentences with "So" or "Therefore" ('So' যুক্ত বাক্য)
এগুলি কারণ এবং ফলাফল বোঝায়, তাই As, Since, বা Because ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Compound He was ill, so he didn't go to work.
Complex Because he was ill, he didn't go to work.
More Practice Examples (আরও কিছু উদাহরণ)
A. More Simple to Complex Examples (আরও ১৫টি উদাহরণ)
Using Noun Clause
Simple He expects to win the prize.
Complex He expects that he will win the prize.
Simple Tell me your address.
Complex Tell me where you live.
Simple I believe his statement.
Complex I believe what he states.
Simple We hope for better times.
Complex We hope that better times will come.
Simple His silence proves his guilt.
Complex His silence proves that he is guilty.
Using Adjective Clause
Simple A barking dog seldom bites.
Complex A dog that barks seldom bites.
Simple I bought a blue pen.
Complex I bought a pen which is blue.
Simple The girl with blue eyes is my sister.
Complex The girl who has blue eyes is my sister.
Simple He is a man of great wealth.
Complex He is a man who has great wealth.
Simple I know the birthplace of Rabindranath.
Complex I know the place where Rabindranath was born.
Using Adverb Clause
Simple He worked hard to pass the exam.
Complex He worked hard so that he could pass the exam.
Simple In spite of his poverty, he is honest.
Complex Though he is poor, he is honest.
Simple After completing the work, he went home.
Complex When he had completed the work, he went home.
Simple He is too weak to walk.
Complex He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple Without working hard, you cannot succeed.
Complex If you do not work hard, you cannot succeed.
B. More Compound to Complex Examples (আরও ১৫টি উদাহরণ)
Sentences with "And"
Compound Read attentively, and you will pass.
Complex If you read attentively, you will pass.
Compound The sun set and we returned home.
Complex When the sun set, we returned home.
Compound Do this and you will die.
Complex If you do this, you will die.
Compound He took his medicine and felt better.
Complex After he took his medicine, he felt better.
Sentences with "But" / "Yet"
Compound He ran fast but missed the train.
Complex Though he ran fast, he missed the train.
Compound She is rich but unhappy.
Complex Although she is rich, she is unhappy.
Compound He was ill, yet he attended the meeting.
Complex Although he was ill, he attended the meeting.
Compound The man is old but active.
Complex Though the man is old, he is active.
Sentences with "Or" / "Otherwise"
Compound Study hard or you will fail.
Complex If you do not study hard, you will fail.
Compound Move or you will die.
Complex Unless you move, you will die.
Compound Pay the fine otherwise you will go to jail.
Complex If you do not pay the fine, you will go to jail.
Compound Speak the truth or you will be punished.
Complex Unless you speak the truth, you will be punished.
Sentences with "So" / "Therefore"
Compound He was late, so he missed the bus.
Complex As he was late, he missed the bus.
Compound It was raining heavily, therefore we stayed inside.
Complex Since it was raining heavily, we stayed inside.
Compound The boy was lazy, so he failed.
Complex Because/As the boy was lazy, he failed.
Comments
Post a Comment