Language and Communication
Communication means sharing ideas, thoughts, or information from one person to another (or within oneself) through language, gestures, or other means.
Language is the main tool of communication because it gives shape to our ideas and helps us to express them clearly.
There are different types of communication based on the number of people involved:
1. Intrapersonal Communication
2. Interpersonal Communication
3. Group Communication
1. Intrapersonal Communication
• Definition: Communication that happens within a person’s own mind.
• The sender and receiver are the same person.
• It involves thinking, self-reflection, self-talk, daydreaming, planning, inner speech etc.
• Purpose: To analyze, reflect, or make decisions.
👉 Examples:
• A student silently reading and understanding notes.
• Thinking about what to answer in an exam.
• Talking to oneself before an interview (“I can do this”).
Key Points:
• Personal and private.
• Helps in self-awareness and decision-making.
• Does not require external feedback.
________________________________________
2. Interpersonal Communication
• Definition: Communication that takes place between two or more persons.
• It can be face-to-face or through telephone, email, social media, letters, etc.
• Includes both verbal (words) and non-verbal (gestures, tone, expressions) forms.
• Purpose: To share ideas, build relationships, and exchange information.
👉 Examples:
• A conversation between friends.
• A job interview.
• Talking with parents about studies.
• Chatting on WhatsApp.
Key Points:
• Involves at least two people.
• Feedback is direct and immediate.
• Builds understanding, cooperation, and trust.
3. Group Communication
• Definition: Communication that occurs when more than two people interact together to share ideas, solve problems, or take decisions.
• Groups can be small (3–12 persons) or large (classroom, seminar, etc.).
• Purpose: To achieve a common goal through teamwork and cooperation.
👉 Examples:
• Classroom lecture/discussion.
• A business meeting.
• Family discussion about a festival plan.
• Group projects in college.
Key Points:
• Involves teamwork and collaboration.
• Can be formal (official meeting) or informal (friends’ chat).
• May use verbal and non-verbal communication.
Comparison at a Glance
Type of Communication Who is Involved Example Purpose
Intrapersonal One person with self Silent reading, self-talk Self-reflection & decision-making
Interpersonal Two or more people Friends talking, job interview Exchange of ideas & relationship building
Group More than two people Classroom lecture, group discussion Teamwork, problem-solving, decision-making
________________________________________
• Intrapersonal = Within oneself.
• Interpersonal = Between two or more persons.
• Group = Among several people with a common
Language and Communication
Communication means sharing ideas, thoughts, or information from one person to another (or within oneself) through language, gestures, or other means.
Language is the main tool of communication because it gives shape to our ideas and helps us to express them clearly.
There are different types of communication based on the number of people involved:
1. Intrapersonal Communication
2. Interpersonal Communication
3. Group Communication
________________________________________
1. Intrapersonal Communication
• Definition: Communication that happens within a person’s own mind.
• The sender and receiver are the same person.
• It involves thinking, self-reflection, self-talk, daydreaming, planning, inner speech etc.
• Purpose: To analyze, reflect, or make decisions.
👉 Examples:
• A student silently reading and understanding notes.
• Thinking about what to answer in an exam.
• Talking to oneself before an interview (“I can do this”).
Key Points:
• Personal and private.
• Helps in self-awareness and decision-making.
• Does not require external feedback.
________________________________________
2. Interpersonal Communication
• Definition: Communication that takes place between two or more persons.
• It can be face-to-face or through telephone, email, social media, letters, etc.
• Includes both verbal (words) and non-verbal (gestures, tone, expressions) forms.
• Purpose: To share ideas, build relationships, and exchange information.
👉 Examples:
• A conversation between friends.
• A job interview.
• Talking with parents about studies.
• Chatting on WhatsApp.
Key Points:
• Involves at least two people.
• Feedback is direct and immediate.
• Builds understanding, cooperation, and trust.
________________________________________
3. Group Communication
• Definition: Communication that occurs when more than two people interact together to share ideas, solve problems, or take decisions.
• Groups can be small (3–12 persons) or large (classroom, seminar, etc.).
• Purpose: To achieve a common goal through teamwork and cooperation.
👉 Examples:
• Classroom lecture/discussion.
• A business meeting.
• Family discussion about a festival plan.
• Group projects in college.
Key Points:
• Involves teamwork and collaboration.
• Can be formal (official meeting) or informal (friends’ chat).
• May use verbal and non-verbal communication.
________________________________________
Comparison at a Glance
Type of Communication Who is Involved Example Purpose
Intrapersonal One person with self Silent reading, self-talk Self-reflection & decision-making
Interpersonal Two or more people Friends talking, job interview Exchange of ideas & relationship building
Group More than two people Classroom lecture, group discussion Teamwork, problem-solving, decision-making
In short:
• Intrapersonal = Within oneself.
• Interpersonal = Between two or more persons.
• Group = Among several people with a common purpose.
1. Interviews
• Meaning: A formal face-to-face or online conversation where one person (interviewer) asks questions and the other (interviewee) answers.
• Purpose: To check knowledge, skills, personality, and suitability (for job, admission, research, etc.).
• Key Features:
o Formal setting
o Question–answer pattern
o Requires preparation, confidence, politeness
• Example:
o Interviewer: “Tell me about yourself.”
o Candidate: “I am Barshita Mandal, pursuing B.A. in English. I am passionate about teaching and communication.”
2. Greetings
• Meaning: Words or gestures used to show respect, politeness, and goodwill when meeting or parting.
• Types:
o Formal: “Good morning, Sir.”
o Informal: “Hi! How are you?”
• Purpose: To start communication pleasantly.
• Examples:
o Meeting: “Hello, nice to meet you.”
o Parting: “See you tomorrow.”
3. Introducing Oneself and Others
• Introducing Oneself:
o State your name, background, role, or interest.
o Example: “Good evening, everyone. I am Shreyashi Basuli, a final-year student of English Literature at Bankura University.”
• Introducing Others:
o Introduce by name and relation, usually in a polite way.
o Example: “This is my friend Rahul. He is studying Computer Science.”
4. Accepting and Declining Invitations
• Accepting Invitation: Show happiness and gratitude.
o “Thank you for inviting me. I would be delighted to attend your birthday party.”
• Declining Invitation: Refuse politely without hurting feelings.
o “I’m really sorry I won’t be able to come due to an exam, but thank you so much for inviting me.”
5. Taking Leave
• Meaning: Politely ending a conversation or departing from someone.
• Formal Examples:
o “Excuse me, Sir. May I take your leave now?”
o “Thank you for your time. I should be going now.”
• Informal Examples:
o “Okay, bye! See you later.”
o “Take care, I’ll catch you tomorrow.”
6. Formal and Informal Conversations
• Formal Conversation:
o Used in offices, interviews, meetings, or with elders/superiors.
o Polite, respectful, structured.
o Example: “Good afternoon, Madam. Could you please guide me with the admission process?”
• Informal Conversation:
o Casual talk with friends, family, or peers.
o Friendly, relaxed, simple language.
o Example: “Hey! What’s up? Did you watch the cricket match yesterday?”
Summary at a Glance
Situation Key Point Example
Interview Formal Q&A “Tell me about yourself.”
Greeting Polite opening/closing “Good morning, Sir.” / “Hi, buddy!”
Introducing Telling about self/others “I am Ananya, a student of English.”
Invitation Accept politely or decline softly “I’d love to come.” / “Sorry, I can’t.”
Taking Leave Ending politely “May I take your leave, Sir?”
Formal Conversation Polite, official “Could you please guide me?”
Informal Conversation Casual, friendly “What’s up, bro?”
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