Shortcut Rules of Narration Change of Assertive Sentence

 

Narration Change Rules

Assertive Sentence — Prepared by PKG SIR

1. Basic Rules for Assertive Sentence

Linker

that

Reporting Verb (Said)

said ➔ said

Reporting Verb (Said to)

said to ➔ told

2. Verb Conversion Chart

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
am / is / are	was / were
was / were	had been
had been	had been (No Change)
have / has	had
had	had (No Change)
shall / will	should / would
can / may	could / might
must	must
does not/do not	did not
did not	had not + Verb (3rd form)

3. Change of Time and Place Expressions

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
today	that day
yesterday	the previous day
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
ago	before
here	there
this	that
these	those

4. Tense-by-Tense Examples

Present Indefinite Tense

Direct: He said to Ram, “I write the letter.”

Indirect: He told Ram that he wrote the letter.

Present Continuous Tense

Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I am writing the letter."

Indirect: Ram told Sita that he was writing the letter.

Present Perfect Tense

Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I have written the letter."

Indirect: Ram told Sita that he had written the letter.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I have been writing the letter."

Indirect: Ram told Sita that he had been writing the letter.

Simple Past Tense

Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I wrote the letter."

Indirect: Ram told Sita that he had written the letter.

Past Continuous Tense

Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I was writing the letter."

Indirect: Ram told Sita that he had been writing the letter.

Past Perfect Tense (Remains Unchanged)

Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I had written the letter."

Indirect: Ram told Sita that he had written the letter.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Remains Unchanged)

Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I had been writing the letter."

Indirect: Ram told Sita that he had been writing the letter.

Simple Future Tense

Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I will write the letter."

Indirect: Ram told Sita that he would write the letter.

Future Continuous Tense

Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I will be writing the letter."

Indirect: Ram told Sita that he would be writing the letter.

Future Perfect Tense

Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I will have written the letter."

Indirect: Ram told Sita that he would have written the letter.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I will have been writing the letter."

Indirect: Ram told Sita that he would have been writing the letter.

Narration Change Home Task

Assertive Sentences — Practice Worksheet

Prepared by PKG SIR

Directions: Change the following sentences from Direct Speech into Indirect Speech in your practice notebook. Pay close attention to changes in reporting verbs, linkers, pronouns, verbs, and words indicating time or place.

Practice Set - I

• 1
  Direct: Rahul said to me, "I read a storybook every night."
• 2
  Direct: The teacher said to the boys, "The sun rises in the east."
• 3
  Direct: She said, "I do not like hot tea."
• 4
  Direct: Deepa said to her mother, "I am preparing my project now."
• 5
  Direct: The boys said, "We are playing football in the field."
• 6
  Direct: He said to Ram, "The birds are flying in the sky."
• 7
  Direct: Kamal said to me, "I have completed my homework."
• 8
  Direct: The girl said, "I have lost my new pen today."
• 9
  Direct: They said to us, "We have won the cricket match."
• 10
  Direct: Father said, "It has been raining since morning."
• 11
  Direct: The student said to the teacher, "I have been reading in this school for three years."
• 12
  Direct: Rita said to Sita, "My brother has been suffering from fever."

Practice Set - II

• 13
  Direct: Gopal said to Hari, "I bought a bicycle yesterday."
• 14
  Direct: The man said, "I did not receive the official letter."
• 15
  Direct: She said to him, "You gave me an excellent book."
• 16
  Direct: The driver said, "I was driving the car carefully."
• 17
  Direct: The children said, "We were watching the cartoon show."
• 18
  Direct: He said to me, "My sister was cooking rice at that time."
• 19
  Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I had written the letter before you came."
• 20
  Direct: The doctor said, "The patient had died before the ambulance arrived."
• 21
  Direct: They said, "We had already finished our lunch."
• 22
  Direct: The captain said, "The boys had been practicing hard for a month."
• 23
  Direct: He said to me, "I had been waiting for the bus since 2 PM."
• 24
  Direct: The farmer said, "The oxen had been plowing the field."

Practice Set - III

• 25
  Direct: The boy said to his father, "I will go to school tomorrow."
• 26
  Direct: She said, "I shall help the poor old man."
• 27
  Direct: They said to us, "We will join the picnic next Sunday."
• 28
  Direct: Geeta said, "I will be singing a song on the stage."
• 29
  Direct: The postman said to me, "I shall be delivering the letters in the afternoon."
• 30
  Direct: He said, "The baby will be sleeping then."
• 31
  Direct: Ram said to Sita, "I will have written the letter by evening."
• 32
  Direct: The student said, "I shall have completed the syllabus before January."
• 33
  Direct: Teacher said to Rohan, "You will have secured good marks in the exam."
• 34
  Direct: The clerk said, "I will have been working here for ten years."
• 35
  Direct: Minu said, "They will have been playing till sunset."
• 36
  Direct: He said to me, "We shall have been living in this town for a long time."

Advanced Practice Set

• 37
  Direct: The traveler said, "I am very tired now."
• 38
  Direct: She said to her friend, "I visited the Taj Mahal last year."
• 39
  Direct: The teacher said to the student, "You must obey your parents."
• 40
  Direct: Binay said, "I can solve this difficult sum easily."
• 41
  Direct: The boy said to his sister, "I will show you these pictures tomorrow."
• 42
  Direct: Madhu said, "My uncle came here yesterday."
• 43
  Direct: They said, "We are leaving for Kolkata tonight."
• 44
  Direct: He said to me, "I do not know your address."
• 45
  Direct: The girl said, "I may join the computer class next month."
• 46
  Direct: Subham said to Amal, "I saw your brother at the market two days ago."
• 47
  Direct: The lady said, "I have been staying in this hotel since Monday."
• 48
  Direct: The headmaster said, "The schools will remain closed on that day."
• 49
  Direct: She said to her brother, "I was drawing a picture for you."
• 50
  Direct: Ram said, "Honesty is the best policy."