Class 8 English Grammar & Vocabulary Suggestion 2026 | 1st Summative

 

Adjective	Type	Example Sentence
Interesting	Present (-ing)	The teacher gave an interesting lecture.
Excited	Past (-ed)	The excited students waited for the results.
Barking	Present (-ing)	The barking dog kept the neighbors awake.
Broken	Past (-en)	He tried to fix the broken window.
Developing	Present (-ing)	India is a developing nation.
Tired	Past (-ed)	The tired traveler finally reached home.
Boiling	Present (-ing)	Be careful with the boiling water.
Frozen	Past (-en)	They skated on the frozen lake.
Charming	Present (-ing)	She has a very charming personality.
Forgotten	Past (-en)	The forgotten treasure was found years later.

Part 1: Rules of Articles (A, An, The)

• A/An: Used for non-specific, singular countable nouns. Use 'An' before vowel sounds (a, e, i, o, u) and 'A' before consonant sounds.
• The: Used for specific nouns, unique things (The Sun), or things already mentioned.

No.	Example Sentence	Rule Applied
1	I saw an apple on the table.	Vowel sound
2	He is a university student.	Consonant sound (Yu)
3	The Ganges is a holy river.	Proper name (River)
4	Honesty is the best policy.	Superlative degree
5	Give me a one-rupee note.	Consonant sound (Wa)
6	He is an M.A. in English.	Vowel sound (Em)
7	Open the door.	Specific object
8	Wait for an hour.	Silent 'h'
9	The Pacific is the largest ocean.	Ocean names
10	I met a European lady.	Consonant sound (Yu)

Part 2: Basic Rules of Prepositions

• In/At: 'At' for small places/exact time; 'In' for large places/months/years.
• On: Used for days, dates, or surfaces.
• To: Indicates direction or destination.

No.	Example Sentence	Rule Applied
11	The book is on the table.	Position (Surface)
12	He lives at Narayanpur.	Specific small place
13	He was born in 2009.	Year/Time period
14	The class starts at 10 AM.	Exact time
15	She is fond of music.	Appropriate preposition
16	Go to school daily.	Direction/Destination
17	The cat jumped into the well.	Motion inwards
18	He sits between Ram and Sham.	Position (Two people)
19	Distribute sweets among students.	Position (More than two)
20	The bird flew over the tree.	Movement above

Understanding Prepositions of Time

In English grammar, we use different prepositions depending on whether we are talking about a specific point on the clock or a longer duration of time.

1. Point of Time (At, On, In)

Used to indicate a specific moment or calendar date.

Category	Preposition	Examples
Clock Time	At	At 5 PM, At sunrise, At noon
Days & Dates	On	On Monday, On 15th August, On my birthday
Months & Years	In	In January, In 2026, In the morning

2. Period of Time (For, Since, During)

Used to indicate how long an action lasts or its starting point.

Usage	Preposition	Examples
Duration (Total time)	For	For two hours, For ten years, For a long time
Start Point (Since then)	Since	Since 2008, Since morning, Since Monday
Within a timeframe	During	During the holidays, During the meeting

Teacher's Note: Always remember: Since is used with a specific point (2009), while For is used with a duration (17 years).

Part 1: Identify the Infinitive (10 Examples)

In these sentences, the Infinitive is highlighted in bold. It usually follows the pattern "To + Base Verb".

• It is easy to learn English.
• I want to play football.
• He loves to read Shakespeare.
• She has a lot of work to do.
• To err is human, to forgive divine.
• They decided to go to Narayanpur.
• I am happy to meet you.
• Give him a chair to sit on.
• He went to Bishnupur to buy some sweets.
• It is our duty to respect our parents.

Part 2: Joining Two Sentences (10 Examples)

We can combine two sentences into one using an infinitive to show purpose or result.

Separate Sentences	Joined with Infinitive
He went to market. He wanted to buy vegetables.	He went to market to buy vegetables.
She is very weak. She cannot walk.	She is too weak to walk.
I have three sons. I must educate them.	I have three sons to educate.
He works hard. He wants to support his family.	He works hard to support his family.
The box is very heavy. I cannot lift it.	The box is too heavy for me to lift.
He spoke the truth. He was not afraid.	He was not afraid to speak the truth.
I am going to Delhi. My aim is to see the Red Fort.	I am going to Delhi to see the Red Fort.
Every team has a manager. He coaches the players.	Every team has a manager to coach the players.
He hurried to the station. He wanted to catch the train.	He hurried to the station to catch the train.
You must study hard. This is the only way to pass.	You must study hard to pass.

Grammar Practice: Correct Form of Verbs

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets.

💡 Remember the Rules:

• Singular Subject (He/She/It/Ram): Add -s or -es in Present Tense (e.g., He plays).
• Plural Subject (They/We/I/You): Use the base verb (e.g., They play).
• Past Tense: Usually ends in -ed (e.g., He played yesterday).

1. The sun ________ in the east. (rise / rises)
2. We ________ to school every day. (go / goes)
3. He ________ a beautiful song yesterday. (sing / sang)
4. Birds ________ in the sky. (fly / flies)
5. My mother ________ delicious food. (cook / cooks)
6. I ________ my homework last night. (finish / finished)
7. The cat ________ milk. (drink / drinks)
8. They ________ football in the afternoon. (play / plays)
9. Water ________ at 100°C. (boil / boils)
10. She ________ a letter to her friend now. (write / is writing)
11. The boys ________ in the pond yesterday. (swim / swam)
12. Honesty ________ the best policy. (is / are)
13. The train ________ at 9 PM every night. (arrive / arrives)
14. It ________ heavily last Monday. (rain / rained)
15. The stars ________ at night. (shine / shines)
16. Rahul ________ a new bicycle tomorrow. (buy / will buy)
17. Dogs ________ at strangers. (bark / barks)
18. We ________ the Taj Mahal last year. (visit / visited)
19. The teacher ________ us English. (teach / teaches)
20. Please ________ quiet in the library. (be / being)

Click here to show Answer Key

1. rises, 2. go, 3. sang, 4. fly, 5. cooks, 6. finished, 7. drinks, 8. play, 9. boils, 10. is writing, 11. swam, 12. is, 13. arrives, 14. rained, 15. shine, 16. will buy, 17. bark, 18. visited, 19. teaches, 20. be.

Exercise: Degrees of Comparison

📚 Quick Rules for Students:

• Positive: No comparison (e.g., Tall). Used with as...as.
• Comparative: Comparison between two (e.g., Taller). Usually followed by 'than'.
• Superlative: Comparison among many (e.g., Tallest). Usually preceded by 'the'.

1. Mount Everest is the ________ peak in the world. (high)
2. Iron is ________ than gold. (useful)
3. Prevention is ________ than cure. (good)
4. He is as ________ as his brother. (strong)
5. The Nile is the ________ river in Africa. (long)
6. This story is ________ than that one. (interesting)
7. January is ________ than March. (cold)
8. She is the ________ girl in the class. (intelligent)
9. A deer runs ________ than a horse. (fast)
10. Lead is the ________ of all metals. (heavy)

👉 Click to Check Answers

1. Highest
2. More useful
3. Better
4. Strong
5. Longest
6. More interesting
7. Colder
8. Most intelligent
9. Faster
10. Heaviest

Mastering Modal Verbs

Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate Modal Verb.

📝 Quick Reference:

• Ability: Can, Could (past)
• Permission/Possibility: May, Might
• Obligation/Duty: Must, Should, Ought to
• Request/Future: Will, Would, Shall

1. ________ I come in, Sir? (May / Can)
2. We ________ obey our parents. (should / can)
3. You ________ finish your work before leaving. (must / might)
4. He ________ swim very well when he was young. (could / shall)
5. It ________ rain today; the sky is cloudy. (may / must)
6. ________ you please lend me your pen? (Would / Should)
7. I ________ speak English fluently. (can / ought to)
8. You ________ not smoke in the hospital. (must / could)
9. We ________ love our country. (ought to / will)
10. ________ God bless you! (May / Might)
11. He ________ reach Narayanpur by evening. (should / can)
12. If I were a bird, I ________ fly. (would / shall)
13. You ________ consult a doctor immediately. (should / may)
14. She ________ solve this difficult sum. (can / might)
15. Soldiers ________ obey their commanders. (must / could)
16. ________ you like some tea? (Would / Should)
17. He worked hard so that he ________ pass. (might / can)
18. I ________ definitely help you. (will / may)
19. You ________ not worry about the results. (need / shall)
20. ________ you live long! (May / Will)

✅ View Answer Key

1. May | 2. should | 3. must | 4. could | 5. may | 6. Would | 7. can | 8. must | 9. ought to | 10. May | 11. should | 12. would | 13. should | 14. can | 15. must | 16. Would | 17. might | 18. will | 19. need | 20. May

Tense Exercise: Perfect Continuous Forms

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb (Present or Past Perfect Continuous).

📝 Quick Formulas:

Present Perf. Cont:	Has/Have + been + Verb-ing	(Action still continuing)
Past Perf. Cont:	Had + been + Verb-ing	(Action continued until a past point)

1. It ________ (rain) since morning.
2. The farmers ________ (plough) the field for two hours before it started raining.
3. I ________ (wait) for you at the station for an hour now.
4. He ________ (study) for five hours when his friend arrived.
5. They ________ (live) in Narayanpur since 2010.
6. She ________ (work) in this office for ten years before she resigned.
7. We ________ (play) cricket since 4 PM.
8. The child ________ (cry) for a long time when the mother came.
9. I ________ (write) poems since my childhood.
10. He ________ (suffer) from fever for three days before he went to the doctor.
11. The girl ________ (dance) for two hours.
12. The gardener ________ (water) the plants since morning.
13. They ________ (talk) for hours before they finally reached a decision.
14. I ________ (teach) in this school since 2008.
15. The birds ________ (chirp) since sunrise.
16. The traveler ________ (walk) for miles before he found a shelter.
17. He ________ (sleep) for ten hours; please wake him up.
18. We ________ (practice) music since Monday.
19. She ________ (wait) for the bus for thirty minutes when it finally arrived.
20. How long ________ you ________ (try) to solve this problem?

✅ Click to View Answers

1. has been raining | 2. had been ploughing | 3. have been waiting | 4. had been studying | 5. have been living | 6. had been working | 7. have been playing | 8. had been crying | 9. have been writing | 10. had been suffering | 11. has been dancing | 12. has been watering | 13. had been talking | 14. have been teaching | 15. have been chirping | 16. had been walking | 17. has been sleeping | 18. have been practicing | 19. had been waiting | 20. have you been trying

Future Continuous & Future Perfect

Fill in the blanks with the correct Future form of the verbs in brackets.

💡 Tense Formulas:

• Future Continuous: Shall/Will + be + Verb-ing (Action going on in future)
• Future Perfect: Shall/Will + have + Past Participle (V3) (Action finished by a certain time)

1. I ________ (play) football at this time tomorrow.
2. By next Monday, we ________ (finish) our project.
3. They ________ (reach) Narayanpur before sunset.
4. At 10 AM, the students ________ (write) their exams.
5. He ________ (buy) a new car by the end of this month.
6. She ________ (cook) dinner when you return home.
7. By 2030, scientists ________ (find) a cure for this disease.
8. I ________ (wait) for you at the station.
9. The gardener ________ (plant) all the trees before it rains.
10. Don't call me at 9 PM; I ________ (watch) the news.
11. By the time the teacher arrives, the boys ________ (clean) the room.
12. We ________ (travel) to Bishnupur this weekend.
13. He ________ (return) your money by next Friday.
14. The sun ________ (shine) brightly tomorrow morning.
15. By next year, I ________ (complete) my Master's degree.
16. They ________ (sleep) when we reach their house.
17. The farmers ________ (harvest) the crops before winter starts.
18. She ________ (practice) music for the concert tomorrow.
19. By 5 PM, the train ________ (leave) the station.
20. I ________ (read) this book when you come.

✅ Click to View Answers

1. shall be playing | 2. shall have finished | 3. will have reached | 4. will be writing | 5. will have bought | 6. will be cooking | 7. will have found | 8. shall be waiting | 9. will have planted | 10. shall be watching | 11. will have cleaned | 12. shall be traveling | 13. will have returned | 14. will be shining | 15. shall have completed | 16. will be sleeping | 17. will have harvested | 18. will be practicing | 19. will have left | 20. shall be reading

Vocabulary Building: Prefixes & Suffixes

1. Prefixes (Added at the beginning)

A Prefix usually changes the meaning of a word (often making it opposite).

Prefix	Meaning	Examples (Root → New Word)
Un-	Not / Opposite	Happy → Unhappy, Able → Unable
Dis-	Not / Opposite	Like → Dislike, Honest → Dishonest
Im- / In-	Not	Possible → Impossible, Correct → Incorrect
Mis-	Wrongly	Take → Mistake, Understand → Misunderstand
Pre-	Before	Pay → Prepaid, View → Preview

2. Suffixes (Added at the end)

A Suffix often changes the Part of Speech (e.g., Verb to Noun).

Suffix	Meaning/Change	Examples (Root → New Word)
-ful	Full of (Adj)	Beauty → Beautiful, Use → Useful
-less	Without (Adj)	Fear → Fearless, Care → Careless
-ly	In a manner (Adv)	Slow → Slowly, Happy → Happily
-ness	State of (Noun)	Kind → Kindness, Dark → Darkness
-ion / -tion	Action/State (Noun)	Act → Action, Educate → Education

Teacher's Tip: Learning one root word like "Act" can help you learn "React" (prefix), "Action" (suffix), and "Activity" (suffix)!

English Vocabulary Practice

Exercise 1: Synonyms (Similar Meanings)

Fill in the blanks with a Synonym of the word in brackets.

1. The teacher gave a ________ (brief) explanation.
2. He is a ________ (wealthy) merchant.
3. The scenery was ________ (beautiful).
4. Please ________ (begin) your work now.
5. The puzzle was very ________ (difficult).
6. The child was ________ (happy) to see the gift.
7. We must ________ (protect) our environment.
8. The room was very ________ (tidy).
9. She told an ________ (interesting) story.
10. It was a ________ (huge) elephant.
11. Always speak the ________ (truth).
12. He is a ________ (brave) soldier.
13. The water is ________ (pure).
14. They ________ (arrive) at the station late.
15. The old man is ________ (wise).
16. I made a ________ (mistake) in the sum.
17. The knife is very ________ (sharp).
18. She is a ________ (famous) singer.
19. Keep ________ (quiet) in the library.
20. The task was ________ (simple).

[View Synonym Answers]

1. Short | 2. Rich | 3. Lovely/Pretty | 4. Start | 5. Hard | 6. Glad/Joyful | 7. Guard/Save | 8. Clean | 9. Exciting | 10. Giant/Large | 11. Fact | 12. Courageous | 13. Clean/Clear | 14. Reach | 15. Intelligent/Learned | 16. Error | 17. Keen | 18. Well-known | 19. Silent | 20. Easy

Exercise 2: Antonyms (Opposite Meanings)

Fill in the blanks with the Antonym of the word in brackets.

1. The tea is too ________ (cold).
2. He was ________ (absent) yesterday.
3. The box is very ________ (heavy).
4. Always be ________ (dishonest).
5. The sun ________ (sets) in the east.
6. This is a ________ (narrow) road.
7. He is a ________ (poor) man.
8. The questions were ________ (easy).
9. Pride leads to ________ (victory).
10. She arrived ________ (early).
11. The knife is ________ (sharp).
12. Is the glass ________ (full)?
13. The king was very ________ (cruel).
14. The river is very ________ (deep).
15. It is a ________ (dark) night.
16. Keep your surroundings ________ (dirty).
17. The shirt is ________ (wet).
18. He is ________ (junior) to me.
19. Love your ________ (friends).
20. The entrance is ________ (closed).

[View Antonym Answers]

1. Hot | 2. Present | 3. Light | 4. Honest | 5. Rises | 6. Wide | 7. Rich | 8. Difficult/Hard | 9. Defeat/Failure | 10. Late | 11. Blunt | 12. Empty | 13. Kind | 14. Shallow | 15. Bright | 16. Clean | 17. Dry | 18. Senior | 19. Enemies | 20. Open