Voice Change is one of the most important topics in English Grammar for students of Class 7 to 12 and competitive exams. Many students find it difficult to remember the rules. Today, we will learn the Short Cut Rules of Voice Change in both English and Bengali.
ভয়েস চেঞ্জ (বাচ্য পরিবর্তন) ইংরেজি গ্রামারের একটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয়। অনেক ছাত্রছাত্রী এর নিয়মগুলো মনে রাখতে সমস্যায় পড়ে। আজ আমরা খুব সহজ কিছু 'শর্টকাট' টেকনিকের মাধ্যমে ভয়েস চেঞ্জ শিখব।
1. The 3 Golden Rules (তিনটি স্বর্ণসূত্র)
Before looking at the tenses, memorize these three basic changes that happen in almost every Passive Voice sentence:
- Swap Positions: Object becomes Subject & Subject becomes Object.
(Object-টি Subject হবে এবং Subject-টি Object হবে।) - The V3 Rule: The Main Verb always changes to Past Participle (3rd Form).
(মূল Verb-এর সর্বদা Past Participle বা V3 রূপ হবে।) - By Preposition: Usually, 'by' is placed before the new Object.
(নতুন Object-এর আগে সাধারণত 'by' বসে।)
2. Master Chart: Tense-wise Shortcut Rules
This is the most important table. If you remember this, you can solve 90% of Voice Change questions.
এটি সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ তালিকা। এই চার্টটি মনে রাখলে ৯০% ভয়েস চেঞ্জ সহজেই করা যাবে।
| Tense Category | Active Voice Clue (চিহ্ন) | Passive Voice Addition (যা যোগ করতে হবে) |
|---|---|---|
| Simple / Indefinite | V1 (do) or V2 (did) | am / is / are / was / were |
| Continuous | Verb + ing | being |
| Perfect | has / have / had | been |
| Modals | can / could / should / must | be |
3. Detailed Rules with Examples (উদাহরণসহ বিস্তারিত নিয়ম)
A. Indefinite (Simple) Tense
Rule: Use 'Be Verb' according to the tense.
Indefinite Tense হলে, Tense অনুযায়ী সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া (am/is/are/was/were) বসাতে হবে।
| Tense | Active Example | Passive Example |
|---|---|---|
| Present | I write a letter. | A letter is written by me. |
| Past | I wrote a letter. | A letter was written by me. |
| Future | I will write a letter. | A letter will be written by me. |
B. Continuous Tense
Rule: If you see -ing, you must add being.
Active Voice-এ মূল ভার্বের সাথে -ing থাকলে, Passive করার সময় being যোগ করতে হবে।
| Tense | Active Example | Passive Example |
|---|---|---|
| Present | He is playing cricket. | Cricket is being played by him. |
| Past | He was playing cricket. | Cricket was being played by him. |
C. Perfect Tense
Rule: If you see has/have/had, simply add been.
Active Voice-এ has / have / had থাকলে, Passive করার সময় তার পরে been বসাতে হবে।
| Tense | Active Example | Passive Example |
|---|---|---|
| Present | She has cooked rice. | Rice has been cooked by her. |
| Past | She had cooked rice. | Rice had been cooked by her. |
| Future | She will have cooked rice. | Rice will have been cooked by her. |
D. Modal Verbs
Rule: Modal Verb + be + V3.
Modal Verb (can, could, should, must) থাকলে, তার সাথে কেবল be যোগ করতে হয়।
Active: Subject + Modal + V1 + Object
Passive: Object + Modal + be + V3 + by + Subject
- Active: I can do the work.
(আমি কাজটি করতে পারি) - Passive: The work can be done by me.
(কাজটি আমার দ্বারা করা যেতে পারে)
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