đ Rhetorical Devices / Figures of Speech
1. Simile (āĻāĻĒāĻŽা)
Definition (English):
A simile is a figure of speech in which two different things are compared directly using the words “like” or “as.”
Definition (Bengali):
āĻāĻĒāĻŽা āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻĻুāĻি āĻিāύ্āύ āĻিāύিāϏāĻে āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āϤুāϞāύা āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ় like āĻŦা as āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে।
Examples of Simile:
1. English: Her smile is like sunshine.
Bengali: āϤাāϰ āĻšাāϏি āϏূāϰ্āϝেāϰ āĻāϞোāϰ āĻŽāϤো।
2. English: Life is as unpredictable as the sea.
Bengali: āĻীāĻŦāύ āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻŽāϤোāĻ āĻ āύিāĻļ্āĻিāϤ।
3. English: He is brave like a lion.
Bengali: āϏে āϏিংāĻšেāϰ āĻŽāϤো āϏাāĻšāϏী।
4. English: The child is as innocent as an angel.
Bengali: āĻļিāĻļুāĻি āĻĢেāϰেāĻļāϤাāϰ āĻŽāϤো āύিāϰ্āĻĻোāώ।
5. English: Time flies like an arrow.
Bengali: āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϤীāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻāĻĄ়ে āϝাāϝ়।
2. Metaphor (āϰূāĻĒāĻ)
Definition (English):
A metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two unlike things directly, without using like or as, by saying one thing is the other.
Definition (Bengali):
āϰূāĻĒāĻ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻĻুāĻি āĻিāύ্āύ āĻিāύিāϏāĻে āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āĻāĻে āĻ āĻĒāϰেāϰ āϏāĻŽাāύ āϧāϰা āĻšāϝ়, like āĻŦা as āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āύা āĻāϰে।
Examples of Metaphor:
1. English: Time is a thief.
Bengali: āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻšāϞো āĻোāϰ।
2. English: The classroom was a zoo.
Bengali: āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖিāĻāĻ্āώ āϝেāύ āĻāĻ āĻিāĻĄ়িāϝ়াāĻাāύা।
3. English: Her eyes are stars.
Bengali: āϤাāϰ āĻোāĻ āĻĻুāĻি āύāĻ্āώāϤ্āϰ।
4. English: The world is a stage.
Bengali: āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী āĻšāϞো āĻāĻ āĻŽāĻ্āĻ।
5. English: Books are the keys to wisdom.
Bengali: āĻŦāĻ āĻšāϞো āĻ্āĻাāύেāϰ āĻাāĻŦিāĻাāĻ ি।
3. Personification (āĻŽাāύāĻŦীāĻāϰāĻŖ)
Definition (English):
Personification is a figure of speech where human qualities are given to animals, objects, or abstract ideas.
Definition (Bengali):
āĻŽাāύāĻŦীāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻĒāĻļু, āĻāĻĄ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻŽূāϰ্āϤ āĻাāĻŦāύাāĻে āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻুāĻŖাāĻŦāϞী āĻĻেāĻāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়।
Examples of Personification:
1. English: The wind whispered through the trees.
Bengali: āĻŦাāϤাāϏ āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻĢাঁāĻে āĻĢাঁāĻে āĻĢিāϏāĻĢিāϏ āĻāϰāϞ।
2. English: Death knocked at his door.
Bengali: āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āϤাāϰ āĻĻāϰāĻাāϝ় āĻāĻĄ়া āύাāĻĄ়āϞ।
3. English: The sun smiled down on us.
Bengali: āϏূāϰ্āϝ āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻিāĻে āĻšাāϏāϞো।
4. English: Time waits for no one.
Bengali: āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻাāϰো āĻāύ্āϝ āĻ āĻĒেāĻ্āώা āĻāϰে āύা।
5. English: Justice is blind.
Bengali: āύ্āϝাāϝ়āĻŦিāĻাāϰ āĻ āύ্āϧ।
4. Hyperbole (āĻ āϤিāĻļāϝ়োāĻ্āϤি)
Definition (English):
Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect. It is not meant to be taken literally.
Definition (Bengali):
āĻ āϤিāĻļāϝ়োāĻ্āϤি āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻোāύো āĻŦāĻ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāĻে āĻোāϰাāϞো āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻŦāĻļাāϞী āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻ āϤিāϰāĻ্āĻāύ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻি āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦে āϏāϤ্āϝ āύāϝ়।
Examples of Hyperbole:
1. English: I am so hungry I could eat a horse.
Bengali: āĻāĻŽি āĻāϤ āĻ্āώুāϧাāϰ্āϤ āϝে āĻāĻāĻা āĻোāĻĄ়া āĻেāϝ়ে āĻĢেāϞāϤে āĻĒাāϰি।
2. English: She cried a river of tears.
Bengali: āϏে āĻোāĻেāϰ āĻāϞে āĻāĻ āύāĻĻী āĻŦāĻāϝ়ে āĻĻিāϞ।
3. English: I’ve told you a thousand times.
Bengali: āĻāĻŽি āϤোāĻŽাāĻে āĻšাāĻাāϰ āĻŦাāϰ āĻŦāϞেāĻি।
4. English: This bag weighs a ton.
Bengali: āĻāĻ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻেāϰ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻ āĻāύ।
5. English: His smile was a mile wide.
Bengali: āϤাāϰ āĻšাāϏি āĻিāϞ āĻāĻ āĻŽাāĻāϞ āĻāĻāĻĄ়া।
5. Alliteration (āĻ āύুāĻĒ্āϰাāϏ)
Definition (English):
Alliteration is the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of nearby words.
Definition (Bengali):
āĻ āύুāĻĒ্āϰাāϏ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻাāĻাāĻাāĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻুāϞিāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āĻāύāϧ্āĻŦāύিāϰ āĻĒুāύāϰাāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি āĻāĻে।
✅ Examples of Alliteration:
1. English: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
Bengali: āĻĒিāĻাāϰ āĻĒাāĻāĻĒাāϰ āĻāĻাāϰāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻŽāϰিāĻ āϤুāϞāϞ।
2. English: She sells seashells by the seashore.
Bengali: āϏে āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰāϤāĻে āĻļাঁāϏ āĻŦিāĻ্āϰি āĻāϰে।
3. English: The wild wind whistled.
Bengali: āĻŦুāύো āĻšাāĻāϝ়া āĻļিāϏ āĻĻিāϞ।
4. English: The big black bear bit the boy.
Bengali: āĻŦāĻĄ়ো āĻাāϞো āĻাāϞুāĻ āĻেāϞেāĻিāĻে āĻাāĻŽāĻĄ় āĻĻিāϞ।
5. English: Busy bees buzzed busily.
Bengali: āĻŦ্āϝāϏ্āϤ āĻŽৌāĻŽাāĻিāϰা āĻŦ্āϝāϏ্āϤāĻাāĻŦে āĻāύāĻāύ āĻāϰāϞ।
6. Onomatopoeia (āϧ্āĻŦāύিāϤাāύুāĻāϰāĻŖ)
Definition (English):
Onomatopoeia is a figure of speech where a word imitates the natural sound of a thing.
Definition (Bengali):
āϧ্āĻŦāύিāϤাāύুāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻোāύো āĻĒ্āϰাāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ āύুāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰে।
Examples of Onomatopoeia:
1. English: The bees buzzed in the garden.
Bengali: āĻŽৌāĻŽাāĻিāϰা āĻŦাāĻাāύে āĻāύāĻāύ āĻāϰāĻিāϞ।
2. English: The clock ticked loudly.
Bengali: āĻāĻĄ়ি āĻোāϰে āĻিāĻ āĻিāĻ āĻāϰāĻিāϞ।
3. English: The fire crackled in the night.
Bengali: āϰাāϤে āĻāĻুāύ āĻāϏāĻāϏ āĻāϰāĻিāϞ।
4. English: The snake hissed at him.
Bengali: āϏাāĻĒāĻি āϤাāϰ āĻĻিāĻে āĻĢোঁāϏāĻĢোঁāϏ āĻāϰāϞ।
5. English: The door creaked open slowly.
Bengali: āĻĻāϰāĻাāĻি āĻঁāĻিāϝ়ে āĻāϏ্āϤে āĻুāϞāϞ।
7. Oxymoron (āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤাāĻļ্āϰāϝ়)
Definition (English):
Oxymoron is a figure of speech where two contradictory or opposite words are placed together for effect.
Definition (Bengali):
āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤাāĻļ্āϰāϝ় āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻĻুāĻি āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤ āĻŦা āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰāĻŦিāϰোāϧী āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
Examples of Oxymoron:
1. English: Bittersweet memories.
Bengali: āϤিāĻ্āϤ-āĻŽিāώ্āĻি āϏ্āĻŽৃāϤি।
2. English: Deafening silence.
Bengali: āĻŦāϧিāϰ āĻāϰা āύীāϰāĻŦāϤা।
3. English: Living dead.
Bengali: āĻীāĻŦāύ্āϤ āĻŽৃāϤ।
4. English: Pretty ugly.
Bengali: āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻুā§āϏিāϤ।
5. English: Cruel kindness.
Bengali: āύিāώ্āĻ ুāϰ āĻĻāϝ়া।
8. Paradox (āĻŦিāϰোāϧাāĻাāϏ)
Definition (English):
A paradox is a statement that seems contradictory or impossible at first, but when examined closely, it reveals a deeper truth.
Definition (Bengali):
āĻŦিāϰোāϧাāĻাāϏ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻāĻি āĻāĻ্āϤি āϝা āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻŦিāϰোāϧāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŦা āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻāĻŦ āĻŽāύে āĻšāϝ়, āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻীāϰāĻাāĻŦে āĻĻেāĻāϞে āϤাāϤে āĻāĻীāϰ āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ়।
Examples of Paradox:
1. English: The more you learn, the less you know.
Bengali: āϤুāĻŽি āϝāϤ āĻļিāĻāĻŦে, āϤāϤāĻ āĻŦুāĻāĻŦে āϝে āϤুāĻŽি āĻিāĻুāĻ āĻাāύো āύা।
2. English: I must be cruel to be kind.
Bengali: āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻĻāϝ়াāϞু āĻšāϤে āύিāώ্āĻ ুāϰ āĻšāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।
3. English: In death there is life.
Bengali: āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻীāĻŦāύ āĻāĻে।
4. English: The beginning of the end.
Bengali: āĻļেāώেāϰ āĻļুāϰু।
5. English: Silence is the loudest sound.
Bengali: āύীāϰāĻŦāϤাāĻ āϏāĻŦāĻেāϝ়ে āĻāĻ্āĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ।
9. Irony (āĻŦিāϰোāϧিāϤা/āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϰূāĻĒ)
Definition (English):
Irony is a figure of speech in which the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning, often to create humor or criticism.
Definition (Bengali):
āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦা āĻŦিāϰোāϧিāϤা āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻāĻĨাāϰ āĻāĻ্āώāϰিāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨেāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤ āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়, āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āϰāϏাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ āĻŦা āϏāĻŽাāϞোāĻāύাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ।
✅ Examples of Irony:
1. English: A fire station burns down.
Bengali: āĻĻāĻŽāĻāϞ āĻ āĻĢিāϏেāĻ āĻāĻুāύ āϞেāĻে āĻেāϞ।
2. English: The teacher failed the exam.
Bengali: āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻāĻ āĻĒāϰীāĻ্āώাāϝ় āĻĢেāϞ āĻāϰāϞেāύ।
3. English: The lifeguard drowned.
Bengali: āĻীāĻŦāύāϰāĻ্āώāĻāĻ āĻĄুāĻŦে āĻেāϞেāύ।
4. English: “What a pleasant day!” (on a rainy stormy day).
Bengali: “āĻী āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻĻিāύ!” (āĻāĻĄ়-āĻŦৃāώ্āĻিāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ে āĻŦāϞা)।
5. English: The cobbler’s son has no shoes.
Bengali: āĻŽুāĻিāϰ āĻেāϞেāϰ āĻĒাāϝ়ে āĻুāϤো āύেāĻ।
10. Rhetorical Question (āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻ āϞāĻ্āĻাāϰ)
Definition (English):
A rhetorical question is asked to make a point, not to get an actual answer. The answer is already obvious.
Definition (Bengali):
āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻ āϞāĻ্āĻাāϰ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ, āϝাāϰ āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻাāύা āύāϝ়, āĻŦāϰং āĻŦāĻ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāĻে āĻোāϰাāϞো āĻāϰা।
Examples of Rhetorical Question:
1. English: Isn’t honesty the best policy?
Bengali: āϏāϤāϤাāĻ āĻি āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāϤ্āϤāĻŽ āύীāϤি āύāϝ়?
2. English: Who doesn’t love freedom?
Bengali: āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাāĻে āύা āĻাāϞোāĻŦাāϏে āĻে?
3. English: Can we really live without water?
Bengali: āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻি āϏāϤ্āϝিāĻ āĻĒাāύি āĻাāĻĄ়া āĻŦাঁāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰি?
4. English: Is there anyone who wants failure?
Bengali: āĻāĻŽāύ āĻেāĻ āĻāĻে āĻি, āϝে āĻŦ্āϝāϰ্āĻĨāϤা āĻাāϝ়?
5. English: Do you think money grows on trees?
Bengali: āϤুāĻŽি āĻি āĻŽāύে āĻāϰো āĻাāĻা āĻাāĻে āĻĢāϞে?
11. Apostrophe (āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦোāϧāύ āĻ āϞāĻ্āĻাāϰ)
Definition (English):
Apostrophe is a figure of speech where the speaker directly addresses an absent person, an abstract idea, or a thing as if it were alive.
Definition (Bengali):
āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦোāϧāύ āĻ āϞāĻ্āĻাāϰ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻŦāĻ্āϤা āĻ āύুāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি, āĻŦিāĻŽূāϰ্āϤ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻŦা āĻāĻĄ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻে āĻীāĻŦāύ্āϤ āĻŽāύে āĻāϰে āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦোāϧāύ āĻāϰে।
Examples of Apostrophe:
1. English: O Death, where is thy sting?
Bengali: āĻšে āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু, āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻšুāϞ āĻোāĻĨাāϝ়?
2. English: O Time, heal my wounds!
Bengali: āĻšে āϏāĻŽāϝ়, āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻ্āώāϤ āϏাāϰিāϝ়ে āĻĻাāĻ!
3. English: O Nature, thou art my mother.
Bengali: āĻšে āĻĒ্āϰāĻৃāϤি, āϤুāĻŽি āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻāύāύী।
4. English: O Freedom, how sweet is thy name!
Bengali: āĻšে āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা, āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻāϤ āĻŽāϧুāϰ!
5. English: O Moon, shine upon my sorrow.
Bengali: āĻšে āĻাঁāĻĻ, āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻĻুঃāĻে āĻāϞো āĻāĻĄ়াāĻ।
12. Metonymy (āύাāĻŽাāύ্āϤāϰ)
Definition (English):
Metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is substituted with the name of something closely associated with it.
Definition (Bengali):
āύাāĻŽাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻāĻāĻি āĻিāύিāϏāĻে āϤাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻিāϤ āĻāϰেāĻāĻি āύাāĻŽ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻŦোāĻাāύো āĻšāϝ়।
Examples of Metonymy:
1. English: The crown will decide the nation’s fate.
Bengali: āĻŽুāĻুāĻ āĻাāϤিāϰ āĻাāĻ্āϝ āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻŦে। (Crown = King/Queen)
2. English: The pen is mightier than the sword.
Bengali: āĻāϞāĻŽ āϤāϞোāϝ়াāϰেāϰ āĻেāϝ়ে āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী। (Pen = Writing, Sword = War)
3. English: Hollywood makes great movies.
Bengali: āĻšāϞিāĻāĻĄ āĻāĻŽā§āĻাāϰ āϏিāύেāĻŽা āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰে। (Hollywood = Film industry)
4. English: The White House announced a new law.
Bengali: āĻšোāϝ়াāĻāĻ āĻšাāĻāϏ āύāϤুāύ āĻāĻāύ āĻোāώāĻŖা āĻāϰেāĻে। (White House = U.S. Government)
5. English: The stage welcomed him.
Bengali: āĻŽāĻ্āĻ āϤাāĻে āϏ্āĻŦাāĻāϤ āĻাāύাāϞ। (Stage = Audience)
13. Synecdoche (āĻ ংāĻļāĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻাāϰ)
Definition (English):
Synecdoche is a figure of speech where a part is used to represent the whole, or the whole is used to represent a part.
Definition (Bengali):
āĻ ংāĻļāĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻাāϰ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻোāύো āĻিāĻুāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āĻ ংāĻļ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĒুāϰো āĻিāύিāϏ āĻŦোāĻাāύো āĻšāϝ়, āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা āĻĒুāϰো āĻিāύিāϏ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻāĻি āĻ ংāĻļ āĻŦোāĻাāύো āĻšāϝ়।
Examples of Synecdoche:
1. English: All hands on deck.
Bengali: āϏāĻŦ āĻšাāϤ āĻĄেāĻে āĻāϏো। (Hands = Sailors)
2. English: The world will always remember him.
Bengali: āϏাāϰা āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী āϤাāĻে āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻāĻŦে। (World = People)
3. English: Bread is necessary for survival.
Bengali: āĻŦেঁāĻে āĻĨাāĻাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āϰুāĻি āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻāύ। (Bread = Food)
4. English: He has many mouths to feed.
Bengali: āϤাāϰ āĻ āύেāĻ āĻŽুāĻ āĻাāĻāϝ়াāϤে āĻšāϝ়। (Mouths = People)
5. English: The wheels rushed down the street.
Bengali: āĻাāĻাāϰ āĻাāĻĄ়ি āϰাāϏ্āϤাāϝ় āĻুāĻāϞ। (Wheels = Car)
14. Allusion (āĻāĻ্āĻিāϤ)
Definition (English):
Allusion is a reference to a famous person, place, event, or work of literature, often indirectly.
Definition (Bengali):
āĻāĻ্āĻিāϤ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻোāύো āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি, āϏ্āĻĨাāύ, āĻāĻāύা āĻŦা āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝāĻāϰ্āĻŽেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻāĻ্āĻিāϤ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়।
Examples of Allusion:
1. English: He is a real Romeo with the girls.
Bengali: āĻŽেāϝ়েāĻĻেāϰ āĻাāĻে āϏে āĻāĻেāĻŦাāϰে āϰোāĻŽিāĻ। (Allusion to Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet)
2. English: She has the patience of Job.
Bengali: āϤাāϰ āϧৈāϰ্āϝ āĻāĻŦ-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤো। (Allusion to the Bible)
3. English: This place is a Garden of Eden.
Bengali: āĻāĻ āĻাāϝ়āĻা āĻāĻেāĻŦাāϰে āĻāĻĄেāύ āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύ। (Allusion to paradise in the Bible)
4. English: He met his Waterloo.
Bengali: āϏে āϤাāϰ āĻāϝ়াāĻাāϰāϞুāϤে āĻĒৌঁāĻেāĻে। (Allusion to Napoleon’s defeat)
5. English: Don’t act like a Scrooge.
Bengali: āĻāĻেāĻŦাāϰে āϏ্āĻ্āϰুāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰো āύা। (Allusion to Dickens’s A Christmas Carol)
15. Pun (āĻļ্āϞেāώ)
Definition (English):
Pun is a play on words that have multiple meanings or sound similar but mean different things, often used for humor.
Definition (Bengali):
āĻļ্āϞেāώ āĻšāϞো āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āύিāϝ়ে āĻেāϞা āϝেāĻাāύে āĻāĻāĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĨাāĻে, āĻŦা āĻāĻāĻ āϰāĻāĻŽ āĻļোāύাāϞেāĻ āĻিāύ্āύ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰে—āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āĻ āĻšাāϏ্āϝāϰāϏ āϤৈāϰিāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
Examples of Pun:
1. English: Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana.
Bengali: āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻāĻĄ়ে āϝাāϝ় āϤীāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϤো; āĻĢāϞেāϰ āĻŽাāĻি āĻাāϞোāĻŦাāϏে āĻāϞা।
2. English: A boiled egg is hard to beat.
Bengali: āϏেāĻĻ্āϧ āĻĄিāĻŽ āĻšাāϰাāύো āĻāĻ িāύ। (Beat = Defeat/Whisk)
3. English: The math teacher has too many functions.
Bengali: āĻāĻŖিāϤ āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ āĻুāĻŦ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻাāĻ (āĻĢাংāĻļāύ) āĻāϰেāύ।
4. English: I used to be a banker, but I lost interest.
Bengali: āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āĻাāϰ āĻিāϞাāĻŽ, āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻŽাāϰ āϏুāĻĻ/āĻāĻ্āϰāĻš āĻšাāϰিāϝ়ে āĻেāĻে।
5. English: The fisherman was all at sea.
Bengali: āĻেāϞেāĻি āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰে (āĻāĻ্āώāϰিāĻ) / āĻŦিāĻ্āϰাāύ্āϤ (āϰূāĻĒāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে) āĻিāϞ।
16. Euphemism (āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰāĻŦāĻāύ)
Definition (English):
Euphemism is a polite or mild expression used to replace a harsh, unpleasant, or offensive one.
Definition (Bengali):
āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰāĻŦāĻāύ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻāĻ োāϰ āĻŦা āĻ āĻĒ্āϰীāϤিāĻāϰ āĻāĻĨাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āĻোāĻŽāϞ āĻŦা āĻāĻĻ্āϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়।
Examples of Euphemism:
1. English: He passed away.
Bengali: āϤিāύি āĻĒāϰāϞোāĻāĻāĻŽāύ āĻāϰেāĻেāύ। (Instead of “He died”)
2. English: She is full-figured.
Bengali: āϤিāύি āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝāĻŦāϤী। (Instead of “She is fat”)
3. English: They are between jobs.
Bengali: āϤাāϰা āĻাāĻāϰিāϰ āĻোঁāĻে āĻāĻে। (Instead of “Unemployed”)
4. English: He was economically disadvantaged.
Bengali: āϤিāύি āĻ āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻāĻাāĻŦে āĻĒিāĻিāϝ়ে āĻিāϞেāύ। (Instead of “Poor”)
5. English: Senior citizens.
Bengali: āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦীāĻŖ āύাāĻāϰিāĻ। (Instead of “Old people”)
17. Antithesis (āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧাāϰ্āĻĨāĻāϤা)
Definition (English):
Antithesis is a figure of speech where two opposite or contrasting ideas are placed together for balance or emphasis.
Definition (Bengali):
āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧাāϰ্āĻĨāĻāϤা āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϞংāĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤ āĻŦা āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰāĻŦিāϰোāϧী āϧাāϰāĻŖাāĻুāϞোāĻে āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻŦāϏাāύো āĻšāϝ় āĻাāϰāϏাāĻŽ্āϝ āĻŦা āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻŦোāĻাāϤে।
Examples of Antithesis:
1. English: Speech is silver, silence is golden.
Bengali: āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āϰূāĻĒা, āύীāϰāĻŦāϤা āϏোāύা।
2. English: To err is human, to forgive divine.
Bengali: āĻুāϞ āĻāϰা āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āϧāϰ্āĻŽ, āĻ্āώāĻŽা āĻāϰা āĻĻেāĻŦāϤাāϰ āĻুāĻŖ।
3. English: Many are called, but few are chosen.
Bengali: āĻ āύেāĻে āĻāĻš্āĻŦাāύ āĻĒাāϝ়, āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāϝ়েāĻāĻāύ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāĻিāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
4. English: Man proposes, God disposes.
Bengali: āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻĒāϰিāĻāϞ্āĻĒāύা āĻāϰে, āĻāĻļ্āĻŦāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύেāύ।
5. English: Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.
Bengali: āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻেāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻļোāύো, āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻ āϞ্āĻĒāĻেāĻ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĻাāĻ।
6.United we stand, divided we fall.
18.Chiasmus (āĻিā§াāĻāĻŽাāϏ)
Definition (English):
Chiasmus is a rhetorical device in which the order of words, phrases, or concepts is reversed in the second part of a sentence, creating a mirror-like or criss-cross pattern.
In simple words, it means reversing the structure of the first part in the second part.
đš Formula: AB → BA
Definition (Bengali):
āĻিā§াāĻāĻŽাāϏ āĻšāϞো āĻ āϞāĻ্āĻাāϰেāϰ āĻāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ, āϝেāĻাāύে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ ংāĻļে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦা āϧাāϰāĻŖাāϰ āĻŦিāύ্āϝাāϏāĻে āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻ ংāĻļে āĻāϞ্āĻোāĻাāĻŦে āϏাāĻাāύো āĻšā§। āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ ংāĻļেāϰ āĻāĻ āύ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻ ংāĻļে āĻāϞ্āĻো āĻ্āϰāĻŽে āĻĒুāύāϰাāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি āĻšā§।
đš āϏূāϤ্āϰ: AB → BA
Examples (with explanation):
1. “Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You.”
o āĻāĻাāύে Fool–Kiss āĻāĻŦং Kiss–Fool āĻāϞ্āĻোāĻĒāĻĨে āϏাāĻাāύো।
2. “Ask not what your country can do for you — ask what you can do for your country.” (J.F. Kennedy)
o āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ ংāĻļ: country → you
o āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻ ংāĻļ: you → country
3. “By day the frolic, and the dance by night.” (Samuel Johnson)
o āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ ংāĻļ: day → frolic
o āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻ ংāĻļ: dance → night
4. “It is not the men in my life that count, it’s the life in my men.”
o men → life ↔ life → men
5. “Pleasure’s a sin, and sometimes sin’s a pleasure.” (Byron)
o pleasure → sin ↔ sin → pleasure
19.Hyperbaton
Definition (English):
Hyperbaton is a rhetorical figure in which the normal order of words is deliberately inverted or rearranged to create emphasis, rhythm, or a poetic effect. It often breaks grammatical conventions for artistic beauty.
Definition (Bengali / āϏংāĻ্āĻা):
āĻšাāĻāĻĒাāϰāĻŦাāĻāύ (Hyperbaton) āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻāĻি āĻ āϞāĻ্āĻাāϰ āϝেāĻাāύে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ্āϰāĻŽāĻে āĻেāĻে āĻāϞ্āĻে āĻŦা āĻ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻাāĻŦিāĻāĻাāĻŦে āϏাāĻাāύো āĻšāϝ়, āϝাāϤে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻোāϰ, āĻāύ্āĻĻ, āĻŦা āϏৌāύ্āĻĻāϰ্āϝ āϤৈāϰি āĻšāϝ়।
Examples of Hyperbaton
1. English: “Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall.”
Bengali: "āĻেāĻ āĻĒাāĻĒে āĻāĻ ে, āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻেāĻ āĻুāĻŖেāϰ āĻাāϰāĻŖে āĻĒāĻĄ়ে āϝাāϝ়।"
(Normal order would be: “Some rise by sin, and some fall by virtue.” The inversion gives poetic emphasis.)
2. English: “This I must see.”
Bengali: "āĻāĻা āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻĻেāĻāϤেāĻ āĻšāĻŦে।"
(Normal order: “I must see this.” The rearrangement stresses "This.")
3. English: “Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight.” – Dylan Thomas
Bengali: "āĻāĻŽ্āĻীāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώ, āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϰ āĻাāĻাāĻাāĻি, āϝাāϰা āĻ āύ্āϧ āĻĻৃāώ্āĻিāϤে āĻĻেāĻে।"
(The unusual word order intensifies the image.)
4. English: “Some by virtue rise, some by vice decline.”
Bengali: "āĻেāĻ āĻুāĻŖে āĻāĻ ে, āĻেāĻ āĻĻোāώে āύাāĻŽে।"
(Instead of “Some rise by virtue, some decline by vice.”)
5. English: “Sweet she was.”
Bengali: "āĻŽিāώ্āĻি āϏে āĻিāϞ।"
(Normal order: “She was sweet.” Rearrangement adds dramatic tone.)
6.Most blameless is he
20.Epigram (āĻāĻĒিāĻ্āϰাāĻŽ)
Definition in English:
An epigram is a short, witty, and often satirical saying that expresses an idea in a clever and memorable way. It usually contains a paradox, twist, or striking thought in just a few words.
It has a real deeper meaning.
Definition in Bengali (āϏংāĻ্āĻা āĻŦাংāϞাā§):
āĻāĻĒিāĻ্āϰাāĻŽ āĻšāϞো āϏংāĻ্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ, āϤীāĻ্āώ্āĻŖ āĻāĻŦং āϰāϏাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻ্āϤি, āϝেāĻাāύে āĻ āϞ্āĻĒ āĻāĻĨাā§ āĻāĻীāϰ āĻŦা āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āĻাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ āĻাāĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰা āĻšā§। āĻāϤে āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āĻ āĻŦৈāĻĒāϰীāϤ্āϝ, āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧিāĻĻীāĻĒ্āϤ āϰূāĻĒāĻ āĻŦা āĻāĻŽāĻāĻĒ্āϰāĻĻ āĻাāĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻĨাāĻে।
Examples (āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ):
1. English: “Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.” – Alexander Pope
Bengali: “āϝেāĻাāύে āĻĻেāĻŦāĻĻূāϤেāϰা āϝেāϤে āĻāϝ় āĻĒাāϝ়, āϏেāĻাāύে āĻŦোāĻাāϰা āĻুāĻে āϝাāϝ়।”
2. English: “The child is father of the man.” – William Wordsworth
Bengali: “āĻļিāĻļুāĻ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻĒিāϤা।”
3. English: “Conscience makes cowards of us all.” – Shakespeare
Bengali: “āĻ āύ্āϤāϰাāϤ্āĻŽা āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻāϞāĻে āĻাāĻĒুāϰুāώে āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤ āĻāϰে।”
4. English: “I can resist everything except temptation.” – Oscar Wilde
Bengali: “āĻāĻŽি āϏāĻŦāĻিāĻুāϰ āĻŦিāϰোāϧিāϤা āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰি, āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϞোāĻāύেāϰ āύā§।”
5. English: “The more corrupt the state, the more numerous the laws.” – Tacitus
Bengali: “āϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰ āϝāϤ āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāĻ্āϰāϏ্āϤ āĻšāϝ়, āϤāϤ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻāĻāύ āϤৈāϰি āĻšāϝ়।”
6.I am become a name.
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