Rhetoric, List of Rhetoric, Figure of Speech

 



🎓 Rhetorical Devices / Figures of Speech

 

1. Simile (āωāĻĒāĻŽা)

Definition (English):

A simile is a figure of speech in which two different things are compared directly using the words “like” or “as.”

Definition (Bengali):

āωāĻĒāĻŽা āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ• āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻĻুāϟি āĻ­িāύ্āύ āϜিāύিāϏāĻ•ে āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় like āĻŦা as āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে।

 

 Examples of Simile:

1. English: Her smile is like sunshine.

Bengali: āϤাāϰ āĻšাāϏি āϏূāϰ্āϝেāϰ āφāϞোāϰ āĻŽāϤো।

2. English: Life is as unpredictable as the sea.

Bengali: āϜীāĻŦāύ āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻŽāϤোāχ āĻ…āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ।

3. English: He is brave like a lion.

Bengali: āϏে āϏিংāĻšেāϰ āĻŽāϤো āϏাāĻšāϏী।

4. English: The child is as innocent as an angel.

Bengali: āĻļিāĻļুāϟি āĻĢেāϰেāĻļāϤাāϰ āĻŽāϤো āύিāϰ্āĻĻোāώ।

5. English: Time flies like an arrow.

Bengali: āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϤীāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϤো āωāĻĄ়ে āϝাāϝ়।

 

2. Metaphor (āϰূāĻĒāĻ•)

Definition (English):

A metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two unlike things directly, without using like or as, by saying one thing is the other.

Definition (Bengali):

āϰূāĻĒāĻ• āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻĻুāϟি āĻ­িāύ্āύ āϜিāύিāϏāĻ•ে āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āĻāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻĒāϰেāϰ āϏāĻŽাāύ āϧāϰা āĻšāϝ়, like āĻŦা as āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āύা āĻ•āϰে।

 

 Examples of Metaphor:

1. English: Time is a thief.

Bengali: āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻšāϞো āϚোāϰ।

2. English: The classroom was a zoo.

Bengali: āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖিāĻ•āĻ•্āώ āϝেāύ āĻāĻ• āϚিāĻĄ়িāϝ়াāĻ–াāύা।

3. English: Her eyes are stars.

Bengali: āϤাāϰ āϚোāĻ– āĻĻুāϟি āύāĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰ।

4. English: The world is a stage.

Bengali: āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী āĻšāϞো āĻāĻ• āĻŽāĻž্āϚ।

5. English: Books are the keys to wisdom.

Bengali: āĻŦāχ āĻšāϞো āϜ্āĻžাāύেāϰ āϚাāĻŦিāĻ•াāĻ ি।

 

3. Personification (āĻŽাāύāĻŦীāĻ•āϰāĻŖ)

Definition (English):

Personification is a figure of speech where human qualities are given to animals, objects, or abstract ideas.

Definition (Bengali):

āĻŽাāύāĻŦীāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻĒāĻļু, āϜāĻĄ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻŽূāϰ্āϤ āĻ­াāĻŦāύাāĻ•ে āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻ—ুāĻŖাāĻŦāϞী āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻšāϝ়।

 

Examples of Personification:

1. English: The wind whispered through the trees.

Bengali: āĻŦাāϤাāϏ āĻ—াāĻ›েāϰ āĻĢাঁāĻ•ে āĻĢাঁāĻ•ে āĻĢিāϏāĻĢিāϏ āĻ•āϰāϞ।

2. English: Death knocked at his door.

Bengali: āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āϤাāϰ āĻĻāϰāϜাāϝ় āĻ•āĻĄ়া āύাāĻĄ়āϞ।

3. English: The sun smiled down on us.

Bengali: āϏূāϰ্āϝ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻšাāϏāϞো।

4. English: Time waits for no one.

Bengali: āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻ•াāϰো āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ…āĻĒেāĻ•্āώা āĻ•āϰে āύা।

5. English: Justice is blind.

Bengali: āύ্āϝাāϝ়āĻŦিāϚাāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϧ।

 

4. Hyperbole (āĻ…āϤিāĻļāϝ়োāĻ•্āϤি)

Definition (English):

Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect. It is not meant to be taken literally.

Definition (Bengali):

āĻ…āϤিāĻļāϝ়োāĻ•্āϤি āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻ•োāύো āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāĻ•ে āϜোāϰাāϞো āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦāĻļাāϞী āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ…āϤিāϰāĻž্āϜāύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়। āĻāϟি āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦে āϏāϤ্āϝ āύāϝ়।

 

 Examples of Hyperbole:

1. English: I am so hungry I could eat a horse.

Bengali: āφāĻŽি āĻāϤ āĻ•্āώুāϧাāϰ্āϤ āϝে āĻāĻ•āϟা āϘোāĻĄ়া āĻ–েāϝ়ে āĻĢেāϞāϤে āĻĒাāϰি।

2. English: She cried a river of tears.

Bengali: āϏে āϚোāĻ–েāϰ āϜāϞে āĻāĻ• āύāĻĻী āĻŦāχāϝ়ে āĻĻিāϞ।

3. English: I’ve told you a thousand times.

Bengali: āφāĻŽি āϤোāĻŽাāĻ•ে āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻŦাāϰ āĻŦāϞেāĻ›ি।

4. English: This bag weighs a ton.

Bengali: āĻāχ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ—েāϰ āĻ“āϜāύ āĻāĻ• āϟāύ।

5. English: His smile was a mile wide.

Bengali: āϤাāϰ āĻšাāϏি āĻ›িāϞ āĻāĻ• āĻŽাāχāϞ āϚāĻ“āĻĄ়া।

 

5. Alliteration (āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্āϰাāϏ)

Definition (English):

Alliteration is the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of nearby words.

Definition (Bengali):

āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্āϰাāϏ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻ•াāĻ›াāĻ•াāĻ›ি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāϞিāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে āĻāĻ•āχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻž্āϜāύāϧ্āĻŦāύিāϰ āĻĒুāύāϰাāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি āϘāϟে।

 

✅ Examples of Alliteration:

1. English: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

Bengali: āĻĒিāϟাāϰ āĻĒাāχāĻĒাāϰ āφāϚাāϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻŽāϰিāϚ āϤুāϞāϞ।

2. English: She sells seashells by the seashore.

Bengali: āϏে āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰāϤāϟে āĻļাঁāϏ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰি āĻ•āϰে।

3. English: The wild wind whistled.

Bengali: āĻŦুāύো āĻšাāĻ“āϝ়া āĻļিāϏ āĻĻিāϞ।

4. English: The big black bear bit the boy.

Bengali: āĻŦāĻĄ়ো āĻ•াāϞো āĻ­াāϞুāĻ• āĻ›েāϞেāϟিāĻ•ে āĻ•াāĻŽāĻĄ় āĻĻিāϞ।

5. English: Busy bees buzzed busily.

Bengali: āĻŦ্āϝāϏ্āϤ āĻŽৌāĻŽাāĻ›িāϰা āĻŦ্āϝāϏ্āϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ­āύāĻ­āύ āĻ•āϰāϞ।

 

6. Onomatopoeia (āϧ্āĻŦāύিāϤাāύুāĻ•āϰāĻŖ)

Definition (English):

Onomatopoeia is a figure of speech where a word imitates the natural sound of a thing.

Definition (Bengali):

āϧ্āĻŦāύিāϤাāύুāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ•োāύো āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āύুāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰে।


 Examples of Onomatopoeia:

1. English: The bees buzzed in the garden.

Bengali: āĻŽৌāĻŽাāĻ›িāϰা āĻŦাāĻ—াāύে āĻ­āύāĻ­āύ āĻ•āϰāĻ›িāϞ।

2. English: The clock ticked loudly.

Bengali: āϘāĻĄ়ি āϜোāϰে āϟিāĻ• āϟিāĻ• āĻ•āϰāĻ›িāϞ।

3. English: The fire crackled in the night.

Bengali: āϰাāϤে āφāĻ—ুāύ āĻ–āϏāĻ–āϏ āĻ•āϰāĻ›িāϞ।

4. English: The snake hissed at him.

Bengali: āϏাāĻĒāϟি āϤাāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĢোঁāϏāĻĢোঁāϏ āĻ•āϰāϞ।

5. English: The door creaked open slowly.

Bengali: āĻĻāϰāϜাāϟি āĻ•ঁāĻ•িāϝ়ে āφāϏ্āϤে āĻ–ুāϞāϞ।

 

7. Oxymoron (āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤাāĻļ্āϰāϝ়)

Definition (English):

Oxymoron is a figure of speech where two contradictory or opposite words are placed together for effect.

Definition (Bengali):

āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤাāĻļ্āϰāϝ় āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻĻুāϟি āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤ āĻŦা āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰāĻŦিāϰোāϧী āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।

 

 Examples of Oxymoron:

1. English: Bittersweet memories.

Bengali: āϤিāĻ•্āϤ-āĻŽিāώ্āϟি āϏ্āĻŽৃāϤি।

2. English: Deafening silence.

Bengali: āĻŦāϧিāϰ āĻ•āϰা āύীāϰāĻŦāϤা।

3. English: Living dead.

Bengali: āϜীāĻŦāύ্āϤ āĻŽৃāϤ।

4. English: Pretty ugly.

Bengali: āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻ•ুā§ŽāϏিāϤ।

5. English: Cruel kindness.

Bengali: āύিāώ্āĻ ুāϰ āĻĻāϝ়া।

 


8. Paradox (āĻŦিāϰোāϧাāĻ­াāϏ)

Definition (English):

A paradox is a statement that seems contradictory or impossible at first, but when examined closely, it reveals a deeper truth.

Definition (Bengali):

āĻŦিāϰোāϧাāĻ­াāϏ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟি āωāĻ•্āϤি āϝা āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻŦিāϰোāϧāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŦা āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻŽāύে āĻšāϝ়, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ—āĻ­ীāϰāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĻেāĻ–āϞে āϤাāϤে āĻ—āĻ­ীāϰ āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ়।

 

 Examples of Paradox:

1. English: The more you learn, the less you know.

Bengali: āϤুāĻŽি āϝāϤ āĻļিāĻ–āĻŦে, āϤāϤāχ āĻŦুāĻāĻŦে āϝে āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•িāĻ›ুāχ āϜাāύো āύা।

2. English: I must be cruel to be kind.

Bengali: āφāĻŽাāĻ•ে āĻĻāϝ়াāϞু āĻšāϤে āύিāώ্āĻ ুāϰ āĻšāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

3. English: In death there is life.

Bengali: āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϜীāĻŦāύ āφāĻ›ে।

4. English: The beginning of the end.

Bengali: āĻļেāώেāϰ āĻļুāϰু।

5. English: Silence is the loudest sound.

Bengali: āύীāϰāĻŦāϤাāχ āϏāĻŦāϚেāϝ়ে āωāϚ্āϚ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ।

 

9. Irony (āĻŦিāϰোāϧিāϤা/āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϰূāĻĒ)

Definition (English):

Irony is a figure of speech in which the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning, often to create humor or criticism.

Definition (Bengali):

āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϰূāĻĒ āĻŦা āĻŦিāϰোāϧিāϤা āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻ•āĻĨাāϰ āφāĻ•্āώāϰিāĻ• āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨেāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়, āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āϰāϏাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āĻŦা āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ।

 

✅ Examples of Irony:

1. English: A fire station burns down.

Bengali: āĻĻāĻŽāĻ•āϞ āĻ…āĻĢিāϏেāχ āφāĻ—ুāύ āϞেāĻ—ে āĻ—েāϞ।

2. English: The teacher failed the exam.

Bengali: āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āχ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āĻĢেāϞ āĻ•āϰāϞেāύ।

3. English: The lifeguard drowned.

Bengali: āϜীāĻŦāύāϰāĻ•্āώāĻ•āχ āĻĄুāĻŦে āĻ—েāϞেāύ।

4. English: “What a pleasant day!” (on a rainy stormy day).

Bengali: “āĻ•ী āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻĻিāύ!” (āĻāĻĄ়-āĻŦৃāώ্āϟিāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ে āĻŦāϞা)।

5. English: The cobbler’s son has no shoes.

Bengali: āĻŽুāϚিāϰ āĻ›েāϞেāϰ āĻĒাāϝ়ে āϜুāϤো āύেāχ।

 

10. Rhetorical Question (āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ…āϞāĻ™্āĻ•াāϰ)

Definition (English):

A rhetorical question is asked to make a point, not to get an actual answer. The answer is already obvious.

Definition (Bengali):

āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ…āϞāĻ™্āĻ•াāϰ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ, āϝাāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āϜাāύা āύāϝ়, āĻŦāϰং āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāĻ•ে āϜোāϰাāϞো āĻ•āϰা।

 

 Examples of Rhetorical Question:

1. English: Isn’t honesty the best policy?

Bengali: āϏāϤāϤাāχ āĻ•ি āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāϤ্āϤāĻŽ āύীāϤি āύāϝ়?

2. English: Who doesn’t love freedom?

Bengali: āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাāĻ•ে āύা āĻ­াāϞোāĻŦাāϏে āĻ•ে?

3. English: Can we really live without water?

Bengali: āφāĻŽāϰা āĻ•ি āϏāϤ্āϝিāχ āĻĒাāύি āĻ›াāĻĄ়া āĻŦাঁāϚāϤে āĻĒাāϰি?

4. English: Is there anyone who wants failure?

Bengali: āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•েāω āφāĻ›ে āĻ•ি, āϝে āĻŦ্āϝāϰ্āĻĨāϤা āϚাāϝ়?

5. English: Do you think money grows on trees?

Bengali: āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•ি āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰো āϟাāĻ•া āĻ—াāĻ›ে āĻĢāϞে?

 

11. Apostrophe (āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦোāϧāύ āĻ…āϞāĻ™্āĻ•াāϰ)

Definition (English):

Apostrophe is a figure of speech where the speaker directly addresses an absent person, an abstract idea, or a thing as if it were alive.

Definition (Bengali):

āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦোāϧāύ āĻ…āϞāĻ™্āĻ•াāϰ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻŦāĻ•্āϤা āĻ…āύুāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি, āĻŦিāĻŽূāϰ্āϤ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻŦা āϜāĻĄ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻ•ে āϜীāĻŦāύ্āϤ āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰে āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦোāϧāύ āĻ•āϰে।

 

 Examples of Apostrophe:

1. English: O Death, where is thy sting?

Bengali: āĻšে āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু, āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻšুāϞ āĻ•োāĻĨাāϝ়?

2. English: O Time, heal my wounds!

Bengali: āĻšে āϏāĻŽāϝ়, āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻ•্āώāϤ āϏাāϰিāϝ়ে āĻĻাāĻ“!

3. English: O Nature, thou art my mother.

Bengali: āĻšে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি, āϤুāĻŽি āφāĻŽাāϰ āϜāύāύী।

4. English: O Freedom, how sweet is thy name!

Bengali: āĻšে āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা, āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻ•āϤ āĻŽāϧুāϰ!

5. English: O Moon, shine upon my sorrow.

Bengali: āĻšে āϚাঁāĻĻ, āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻĻুঃāĻ–ে āφāϞো āĻ›āĻĄ়াāĻ“।

 

12. Metonymy (āύাāĻŽাāύ্āϤāϰ)

Definition (English):

Metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is substituted with the name of something closely associated with it.

Definition (Bengali):

āύাāĻŽাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻāĻ•āϟি āϜিāύিāϏāĻ•ে āϤাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•িāϤ āφāϰেāĻ•āϟি āύাāĻŽ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻŦোāĻাāύো āĻšāϝ়।

 

Examples of Metonymy:

1. English: The crown will decide the nation’s fate.

Bengali: āĻŽুāĻ•ুāϟ āϜাāϤিāϰ āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝ āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে। (Crown = King/Queen)

2. English: The pen is mightier than the sword.

Bengali: āĻ•āϞāĻŽ āϤāϞোāϝ়াāϰেāϰ āϚেāϝ়ে āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী। (Pen = Writing, Sword = War)

3. English: Hollywood makes great movies.

Bengali: āĻšāϞিāωāĻĄ āϚāĻŽā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ āϏিāύেāĻŽা āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰে। (Hollywood = Film industry)

4. English: The White House announced a new law.

Bengali: āĻšোāϝ়াāχāϟ āĻšাāωāϏ āύāϤুāύ āφāχāύ āϘোāώāĻŖা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। (White House = U.S. Government)

5. English: The stage welcomed him.

Bengali: āĻŽāĻž্āϚ āϤাāĻ•ে āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ—āϤ āϜাāύাāϞ। (Stage = Audience)

13. Synecdoche (āĻ…ংāĻļāĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•াāϰ)

Definition (English):

Synecdoche is a figure of speech where a part is used to represent the whole, or the whole is used to represent a part.

Definition (Bengali):

āĻ…ংāĻļāĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•াāϰ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻ•োāύো āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĒুāϰো āϜিāύিāϏ āĻŦোāĻাāύো āĻšāϝ়, āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻĒুāϰো āϜিāύিāϏ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻŦোāĻাāύো āĻšāϝ়।


 Examples of Synecdoche:

1. English: All hands on deck.

Bengali: āϏāĻŦ āĻšাāϤ āĻĄেāĻ•ে āφāϏো। (Hands = Sailors)

2. English: The world will always remember him.

Bengali: āϏাāϰা āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী āϤাāĻ•ে āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–āĻŦে। (World = People)

3. English: Bread is necessary for survival.

Bengali: āĻŦেঁāϚে āĻĨাāĻ•াāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϰুāϟি āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ। (Bread = Food)

4. English: He has many mouths to feed.

Bengali: āϤাāϰ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻŽুāĻ– āĻ–াāĻ“āϝ়াāϤে āĻšāϝ়। (Mouths = People)

5. English: The wheels rushed down the street.

Bengali: āϚাāĻ•াāϰ āĻ—াāĻĄ়ি āϰাāϏ্āϤাāϝ় āĻ›ুāϟāϞ। (Wheels = Car)

14. Allusion (āχāĻ™্āĻ—িāϤ)

Definition (English):

Allusion is a reference to a famous person, place, event, or work of literature, often indirectly.

Definition (Bengali):

āχāĻ™্āĻ—িāϤ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻ•োāύো āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি, āϏ্āĻĨাāύ, āϘāϟāύা āĻŦা āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝāĻ•āϰ্āĻŽেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āχāĻ™্āĻ—িāϤ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।

 Examples of Allusion:

1. English: He is a real Romeo with the girls.

Bengali: āĻŽেāϝ়েāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āϏে āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāϰে āϰোāĻŽিāĻ“। (Allusion to Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet)

2. English: She has the patience of Job.

Bengali: āϤাāϰ āϧৈāϰ্āϝ āϜāĻŦ-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤো। (Allusion to the Bible)

3. English: This place is a Garden of Eden.

Bengali: āĻāχ āϜাāϝ়āĻ—া āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāϰে āĻāĻĄেāύ āωāĻĻ্āϝাāύ। (Allusion to paradise in the Bible)

4. English: He met his Waterloo.

Bengali: āϏে āϤাāϰ āĻ“āϝ়াāϟাāϰāϞুāϤে āĻĒৌঁāĻ›েāĻ›ে। (Allusion to Napoleon’s defeat)

5. English: Don’t act like a Scrooge.

Bengali: āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāϰে āϏ্āĻ•্āϰুāϜেāϰ āĻŽāϤো āφāϚāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰো āύা। (Allusion to Dickens’s A Christmas Carol)

15. Pun (āĻļ্āϞেāώ)

Definition (English):

Pun is a play on words that have multiple meanings or sound similar but mean different things, often used for humor.

Definition (Bengali):

āĻļ্āϞেāώ āĻšāϞো āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āύিāϝ়ে āĻ–েāϞা āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĨাāĻ•ে, āĻŦা āĻāĻ•āχ āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻļোāύাāϞেāĻ“ āĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰে—āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āχ āĻšাāϏ্āϝāϰāϏ āϤৈāϰিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।

 Examples of Pun:

1. English: Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana.

Bengali: āϏāĻŽāϝ় āωāĻĄ়ে āϝাāϝ় āϤীāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϤো; āĻĢāϞেāϰ āĻŽাāĻ›ি āĻ­াāϞোāĻŦাāϏে āĻ•āϞা।

2. English: A boiled egg is hard to beat.

Bengali: āϏেāĻĻ্āϧ āĻĄিāĻŽ āĻšাāϰাāύো āĻ•āĻ িāύ। (Beat = Defeat/Whisk)

3. English: The math teacher has too many functions.

Bengali: āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ•াāϜ (āĻĢাংāĻļāύ) āĻ•āϰেāύ।

4. English: I used to be a banker, but I lost interest.

Bengali: āφāĻŽি āφāĻ—ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ™্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ›িāϞাāĻŽ, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āφāĻŽাāϰ āϏুāĻĻ/āφāĻ—্āϰāĻš āĻšাāϰিāϝ়ে āĻ—েāĻ›ে।

5. English: The fisherman was all at sea.

Bengali: āϜেāϞেāϟি āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰে (āφāĻ•্āώāϰিāĻ•) / āĻŦিāĻ­্āϰাāύ্āϤ (āϰূāĻĒāĻ• āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨে) āĻ›িāϞ।

16. Euphemism (āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰāĻŦāϚāύ)

Definition (English):

Euphemism is a polite or mild expression used to replace a harsh, unpleasant, or offensive one.

Definition (Bengali):

āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰāĻŦāϚāύ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻ•āĻ োāϰ āĻŦা āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰীāϤিāĻ•āϰ āĻ•āĻĨাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āĻ•োāĻŽāϞ āĻŦা āĻ­āĻĻ্āϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।

Examples of Euphemism:

1. English: He passed away.

Bengali: āϤিāύি āĻĒāϰāϞোāĻ•āĻ—āĻŽāύ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। (Instead of “He died”)

2. English: She is full-figured.

Bengali: āϤিāύি āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝāĻŦāϤী। (Instead of “She is fat”)

3. English: They are between jobs.

Bengali: āϤাāϰা āϚাāĻ•āϰিāϰ āĻ–োঁāϜে āφāĻ›ে। (Instead of “Unemployed”)

4. English: He was economically disadvantaged.

Bengali: āϤিāύি āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒিāĻ›িāϝ়ে āĻ›িāϞেāύ। (Instead of “Poor”)

5. English: Senior citizens.

Bengali: āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦীāĻŖ āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ•। (Instead of “Old people”)

17. Antithesis (āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•āϤা)

Definition (English):

Antithesis is a figure of speech where two opposite or contrasting ideas are placed together for balance or emphasis.

Definition (Bengali):

āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•āϤা āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ…āϞংāĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤ āĻŦা āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰāĻŦিāϰোāϧী āϧাāϰāĻŖাāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻŦāϏাāύো āĻšāϝ় āĻ­াāϰāϏাāĻŽ্āϝ āĻŦা āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻŦোāĻাāϤে।

 Examples of Antithesis:

1. English: Speech is silver, silence is golden.

Bengali: āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āϰূāĻĒা, āύীāϰāĻŦāϤা āϏোāύা।

2. English: To err is human, to forgive divine.

Bengali: āĻ­ুāϞ āĻ•āϰা āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āϧāϰ্āĻŽ, āĻ•্āώāĻŽা āĻ•āϰা āĻĻেāĻŦāϤাāϰ āĻ—ুāĻŖ।

3. English: Many are called, but few are chosen.

Bengali: āĻ…āύেāĻ•ে āφāĻš্āĻŦাāύ āĻĒাāϝ়, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ•āϝ়েāĻ•āϜāύ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚিāϤ āĻšāϝ়।

4. English: Man proposes, God disposes.

Bengali: āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা āĻ•āϰে, āψāĻļ্āĻŦāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύেāύ।

5. English: Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.

Bengali: āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•েāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻļোāύো, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ…āϞ্āĻĒāĻ•েāχ āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĻাāĻ“।

6.United we stand, divided we fall.

18.Chiasmus (āĻ•ি⧟াāϜāĻŽাāϏ)

Definition (English):

Chiasmus is a rhetorical device in which the order of words, phrases, or concepts is reversed in the second part of a sentence, creating a mirror-like or criss-cross pattern.

In simple words, it means reversing the structure of the first part in the second part.

🔹 Formula: AB → BA


Definition (Bengali):

āĻ•ি⧟াāϜāĻŽাāϏ āĻšāϞো āĻ…āϞāĻ™্āĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ, āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…ংāĻļে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦা āϧাāϰāĻŖাāϰ āĻŦিāύ্āϝাāϏāĻ•ে āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤী⧟ āĻ…ংāĻļে āωāϞ্āϟোāĻ­াāĻŦে āϏাāϜাāύো āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…ংāĻļেāϰ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤী⧟ āĻ…ংāĻļে āωāϞ্āϟো āĻ•্āϰāĻŽে āĻĒুāύāϰাāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি āĻšā§Ÿ।

🔹 āϏূāϤ্āϰ: AB → BA

Examples (with explanation):

1. “Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You.”

o āĻāĻ–াāύে Fool–Kiss āĻāĻŦং Kiss–Fool āωāϞ্āϟোāĻĒāĻĨে āϏাāϜাāύো।

2. “Ask not what your country can do for you — ask what you can do for your country.” (J.F. Kennedy)

o āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…ংāĻļ: country → you

o āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤী⧟ āĻ…ংāĻļ: you → country

3. “By day the frolic, and the dance by night.” (Samuel Johnson)

o āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…ংāĻļ: day → frolic

o āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤী⧟ āĻ…ংāĻļ: dance → night

4. “It is not the men in my life that count, it’s the life in my men.”

o men → life ↔ life → men

5. “Pleasure’s a sin, and sometimes sin’s a pleasure.” (Byron)

o pleasure → sin ↔ sin → pleasure


19.Hyperbaton

Definition (English):

Hyperbaton is a rhetorical figure in which the normal order of words is deliberately inverted or rearranged to create emphasis, rhythm, or a poetic effect. It often breaks grammatical conventions for artistic beauty.

Definition (Bengali / āϏংāϜ্āĻžা):

āĻšাāχāĻĒাāϰāĻŦাāϟāύ (Hyperbaton) āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…āϞāĻ™্āĻ•াāϰ āϝেāĻ–াāύে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ•্āϰāĻŽāĻ•ে āĻ­েāĻ™ে āωāϞ্āϟে āĻŦা āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āϏাāϜাāύো āĻšāϝ়, āϝাāϤে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϜোāϰ, āĻ›āύ্āĻĻ, āĻŦা āϏৌāύ্āĻĻāϰ্āϝ āϤৈāϰি āĻšāϝ়।

 

Examples of Hyperbaton 


1. English: “Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall.”

Bengali: "āĻ•েāω āĻĒাāĻĒে āωāĻ ে, āφāĻŦাāϰ āĻ•েāω āĻ—ুāĻŖেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āĻĒāĻĄ়ে āϝাāϝ়।"

(Normal order would be: “Some rise by sin, and some fall by virtue.” The inversion gives poetic emphasis.)

2. English: “This I must see.”

Bengali: "āĻāϟা āφāĻŽাāĻ•ে āĻĻেāĻ–āϤেāχ āĻšāĻŦে।"

(Normal order: “I must see this.” The rearrangement stresses "This.")

3. English: “Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight.” – Dylan Thomas

Bengali: "āĻ—āĻŽ্āĻ­ীāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώ, āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›াāĻ•াāĻ›ি, āϝাāϰা āĻ…āύ্āϧ āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāϤে āĻĻেāĻ–ে।"

(The unusual word order intensifies the image.)

4. English: “Some by virtue rise, some by vice decline.”

Bengali: "āĻ•েāω āĻ—ুāĻŖে āĻ“āĻ ে, āĻ•েāω āĻĻোāώে āύাāĻŽে।"

(Instead of “Some rise by virtue, some decline by vice.”)

5. English: “Sweet she was.”

Bengali: "āĻŽিāώ্āϟি āϏে āĻ›িāϞ।"

(Normal order: “She was sweet.” Rearrangement adds dramatic tone.)

6.Most blameless is he 


20.Epigram (āĻāĻĒিāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽ)

Definition in English:

An epigram is a short, witty, and often satirical saying that expresses an idea in a clever and memorable way. It usually contains a paradox, twist, or striking thought in just a few words.



It has a real deeper meaning.


Definition in Bengali (āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻŦাংāϞা⧟):

āĻāĻĒিāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽ āĻšāϞো āϏংāĻ•্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ, āϤীāĻ•্āώ্āĻŖ āĻāĻŦং āϰāϏাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āωāĻ•্āϤি, āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻ…āϞ্āĻĒ āĻ•āĻĨা⧟ āĻ—āĻ­ীāϰ āĻŦা āĻŦ্āϝāĻ™্āĻ—াāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻāϤে āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āχ āĻŦৈāĻĒāϰীāϤ্āϝ, āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧিāĻĻীāĻĒ্āϤ āϰূāĻĒāĻ• āĻŦা āϚāĻŽāĻ•āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻ āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĨাāĻ•ে।


Examples (āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ):

1. English: “Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.” – Alexander Pope

Bengali: “āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻĻেāĻŦāĻĻূāϤেāϰা āϝেāϤে āĻ­āϝ় āĻĒাāϝ়, āϏেāĻ–াāύে āĻŦোāĻ•াāϰা āĻ›ুāϟে āϝাāϝ়।”

2. English: “The child is father of the man.” – William Wordsworth

Bengali: “āĻļিāĻļুāχ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻĒিāϤা।”

3. English: “Conscience makes cowards of us all.” – Shakespeare

Bengali: “āĻ…āύ্āϤāϰাāϤ্āĻŽা āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ•ে āĻ•াāĻĒুāϰুāώে āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤ āĻ•āϰে।”

4. English: “I can resist everything except temptation.” – Oscar Wilde

Bengali: “āφāĻŽি āϏāĻŦāĻ•িāĻ›ুāϰ āĻŦিāϰোāϧিāϤা āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰি, āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϞোāĻ­āύেāϰ āύ⧟।”

5. English: “The more corrupt the state, the more numerous the laws.” – Tacitus

Bengali: “āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰ āϝāϤ āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āĻšāϝ়, āϤāϤ āĻŦেāĻļি āφāχāύ āϤৈāϰি āĻšāϝ়।”

6.I am become a name.


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