What is Social Realism? Discuss its features and how it is reflected in the American novel with examples.
What is Social Realism? Discuss its features and how it is reflected in the American novel with examples.
Answer:
Social Realism is a significant literary movement that emerged in American literature as a response to the social, political, and economic changes brought about by industrialization and modernization. It focuses on the truthful, often harsh, representation of real-life experiences, especially those of the working class, the poor, and the marginalized. Unlike romanticized portrayals of life, Social Realism is grounded in the everyday struggles of ordinary people. In the American context, this movement gained strength in the early 20th century, especially during periods of social crisis such as the Great Depression, labor unrest, and the rise of urban poverty. Writers used fiction not only to depict reality but also to critique the deep flaws in society and to expose the injustices faced by the oppressed.
One of the core characteristics of Social Realism is its commitment to portraying the lives of common people with honesty and without exaggeration. The novels often explore themes such as poverty, racial discrimination, class inequality, exploitation, and the breakdown of the American Dream. These works tend to be critical of capitalism, materialism, and corrupt power structures. The style is usually straightforward and documentary-like, avoiding ornate language or idealistic storytelling. The characters in such novels are not heroes in the traditional sense; they are flawed, struggling individuals, often shaped and sometimes broken by the society they live in.
Several American novels exemplify this trend. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (1906) is one of the earliest examples of American social realism. It exposes the harsh working conditions and exploitation of immigrant laborers in Chicago’s meat-packing industry. The novel created public outrage and eventually led to reforms in food safety laws. John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (1939) is another major social realist novel that portrays the suffering of Dust Bowl migrants during the Great Depression. Steinbeck vividly describes the displacement of tenant farmers and their struggle for dignity in the face of economic and social oppression.
Richard Wright’s Native Son (1940) brings race into the center of social realism, depicting the psychological and social conditions that lead a young Black man, Bigger Thomas, into crime. The novel critiques systemic racism, poverty, and the limitations imposed on African Americans in urban America. Theodore Dreiser, in novels like Sister Carrie (1900) and An American Tragedy (1925), presents characters driven by ambition and desire in a society dominated by capitalism and moral ambiguity. His novels portray how individuals are often powerless in the face of social forces.
Social Realism in the American novel is a powerful literary movement that seeks to reveal the truths of society by focusing on its darker and more difficult realities. Through characters drawn from the lower and working classes, and through plots that highlight the inequities and struggles of real life, writers of this genre hoped to raise awareness and inspire change. By giving voice to the voiceless, the American social realist novel continues to remain relevant in the study of literature and society.
❖ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ:
āϏোāĻļ্āϝাāϞ āϰিāϝ়েāϞিāĻāĻŽ āĻী? āĻāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝāĻুāϞি āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻāϰো āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻাāύ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏে āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĢāϞāύ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāϏāĻš āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻāϰো।
āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ:
āϏোāĻļ্āϝাāϞ āϰিāϝ়েāϞিāĻāĻŽ (Social Realism) āĻāĻāĻি āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝিāĻ āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āϝা āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒাāϝ়āύ āĻ āĻāϧুāύিāĻাāϝ়āύেāϰ āĻĢāϞে āϏৃāώ্āĻ āϏাāĻŽাāĻিāĻ, āϰাāĻāύৈāϤিāĻ āĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāϝ় āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻাāύ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝে āĻāĻĻ্āĻূāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻ āϧাāϰাāĻি āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦ āĻীāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻ āĻিāĻ্āĻāϤা, āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻāϰে āĻļ্āϰāĻŽāĻীāĻŦী āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖি, āĻĻāϰিāĻĻ্āϰ āĻāύāĻāĻŖ, āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰাāύ্āϤিāĻ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻীāĻŦāύāϏংāĻ্āϰাāĻŽāĻে āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻ āύিāϰ্āĻŽāĻŽāĻাāĻŦে āĻিāϤ্āϰিāϤ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻোāϰ āĻĻেāϝ়। āĻāĻি āĻীāĻŦāύেāϰ āϰোāĻŽাāύ্āĻিāĻ āĻ āĻāϞ্āĻĒāύাāĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāĻŖ āĻāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύাāĻে āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝাāĻ্āϝাāύ āĻāϰে āĻāĻŦং āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻĻৈāύāύ্āĻĻিāύ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦāϤাāĻে āϤুāϞে āϧāϰে। āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻাāύ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝে āĻāĻ āϧাāϰাāϰ āĻŦিāĻাāĻļ āĻāĻে āĻŦিāĻļেāώāϤ ⧍ā§ĻāĻļ āĻļāϤāĻেāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে, āϝāĻāύ āĻ্āϰেāĻ āĻĄিāĻĒ্āϰেāĻļāύ, āĻļ্āϰāĻŽিāĻ āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āĻāĻŦং āĻļāĻšুāϰে āĻĻাāϰিāĻĻ্āϰ্āϝ āϏāĻŽাāĻে āĻāĻীāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻŦ āĻĢেāϞāϤে āĻļুāϰু āĻāϰে। āϞেāĻāĻেāϰা āĻāϞ্āĻĒāĻাāĻšিāύিāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻļুāϧু āϏāĻŽাāĻেāϰ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦāϤা āϤুāϞে āϧāϰেāύāύি, āĻŦāϰং āϏāĻŽাāĻেāϰ āĻ āϏাāĻŽ্āϝ āĻ āĻ āĻŦিāĻাāϰেāϰ āĻāĻ োāϰ āϏāĻŽাāϞোāĻāύাāĻ āĻāϰেāĻেāύ।
āϏোāĻļ্āϝাāϞ āϰিāϝ়েāϞিāĻāĻŽেāϰ āĻ āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ āĻšāϞ— āĻāĻি āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻীāĻŦāύāĻে āĻ āϞāĻ্āĻাāϰāĻŦিāĻšীāύ āĻ āϏāϤāϤাāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে āĻিāϤ্āϰিāϤ āĻāϰে। āĻāĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏে āĻĻাāϰিāĻĻ্āϰ্āϝ, āĻাāϤিāĻāϤ āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ, āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖিāĻāϤ āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ, āĻļোāώāĻŖ, āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻাāύ āĻĄ্āϰিāĻŽেāϰ āĻাāĻāύ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻুāϞিāĻে āϤুāϞে āϧāϰা āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝে āĻĒুঁāĻিāĻŦাāĻĻ, āĻোāĻāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŽাāĻেāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāĻ্āϰāϏ্āϤ āĻাāĻ াāĻŽোāϰ āϏāĻŽাāϞোāĻāύা āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়। āϞেāĻāύীāϰ āĻাāώা āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āϏāĻšāĻ, āϏāϰāϞ āĻāĻŦং āĻ āύেāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŽাāĻŖ্āϝāϧāϰ্āĻŽী। āĻāĻ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏেāϰ āĻāϰিāϤ্āϰāϰা āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻŦাāĻšী āύাāϝ়āĻ āύāϝ়; āĻŦāϰং āϤাāϰা āϏāĻŽাāĻে āύিāϰ্āϝাāϤিāϤ, āĻ্āϞাāύ্āϤ, āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦāϤাāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ্āώāϤিāĻ্āϰāϏ্āϤ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŽাāύুāώ, āϝাāϰা āϏāĻŽাāĻāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏংāĻ্āϰাāĻŽ āĻāϰāĻে।
āĻāĻ āϧাāϰাāϰ āĻিāĻু āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻাāύ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ āĻšāϞ: āĻāĻĒāĻāύ āϏিāύāĻ্āϞেāϝ়াāϰেāϰ The Jungle (⧧⧝ā§Ļā§Ŧ), āϝা āĻļিāĻাāĻোāϰ āĻŽাংāϏ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒে āĻ āĻিāĻŦাāϏী āĻļ্āϰāĻŽিāĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻļোāώāĻŖ āĻ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻĻāĻļাāĻে āϤুāϞে āϧāϰে। āĻāĻ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ āĻāύāĻŽāύে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āĻāϞোāĻĄ়āύ āϤোāϞে āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤীāϤে āĻাāĻĻ্āϝ āύিāϰাāĻĒāϤ্āϤা āĻāĻāύে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻāύে। āĻāύ āϏ্āĻেāĻāύāĻŦেāĻেāϰ The Grapes of Wrath (ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§¯) āĻāϰেāĻāĻি āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻāϝোāĻ্āϝ āϏোāĻļ্āϝাāϞ āϰিāϝ়েāϞিāϏ্āĻ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ, āϝেāĻাāύে āĻ্āϰেāĻ āĻĄিāĻĒ্āϰেāĻļāύেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় 'āĻĄাāϏ্āĻ āĻŦোāϞ' āĻāϞাāĻাāϰ āĻৃāώāĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻĻāĻļা āĻ āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽাāύ āĻŦাঁāĻিāϝ়ে āĻŦাঁāĻাāϰ āϏংāĻ্āϰাāĻŽ āϤুāϞে āϧāϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻে।
āϰিāĻাāϰ্āĻĄ āϰাāĻāĻ-āĻāϰ Native Son (⧧⧝ā§Ēā§Ļ) āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏāĻি āϏাāĻŽাāĻিāĻ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦāϤাāϝ় āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝāĻে āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āύিāϝ়ে āĻāϏে। āĻāĻাāύে āϤāϰুāĻŖ āĻৃāώ্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻ āĻāϰিāϤ্āϰ āĻŦিāĻাāϰ āĻĨāĻŽাāϏ āĻীāĻাāĻŦে āĻĻাāϰিāĻĻ্āϰ্āϝ, āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ āĻ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ āĻাāĻĒে āĻ āĻĒāϰাāϧে āĻāĻĄ়িāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĄ়ে, āϤা āϤুāϞে āϧāϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻে। āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏāĻি āĻŽাāϰ্āĻিāύ āύāĻāϰ āϏāĻŽাāĻে āĻৃāώ্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা, āĻĻাāϰিāĻĻ্āϰ্āϝ āĻāĻŦং āĻাāϤিāĻāϤ āĻ āĻŦিāĻাāϰেāϰ āϤীāĻŦ্āϰ āϏāĻŽাāϞোāĻāύা āĻāϰে। āĻĨিāĻāĻĄোāϰ āĻĄ্āϰাāĻāĻাāϰ, Sister Carrie (⧧⧝ā§Ļā§Ļ) āĻāĻŦং An American Tragedy (⧧⧝⧍ā§Ģ)-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏে āĻĻেāĻিāϝ়েāĻেāύ āĻিāĻাāĻŦে āĻāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āύিāĻেāϰ āĻāĻ্āĻাāĻļা āĻ āĻŦাāϏāύাāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻাāϞিāϤ āĻšāϝ়ে āϏāĻŽাāĻে āĻĒুঁāĻিāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻ āύৈāϤিāĻ āĻāĻিāϞāϤাāϰ āĻļিāĻাāϰ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĄ়ে। āϤাঁāϰ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏে āϏাāĻŽাāĻিāĻ āĻļāĻ্āϤিāϰ āĻŽুāĻোāĻŽুāĻি āĻšāĻāϝ়া āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāϰ āĻ āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤা āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻāĻাāĻŦে āĻāĻ ে āĻāϏে।
āϏāĻŦāĻļেāώে āĻŦāϞা āϝাāϝ়, āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻাāύ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏে āϏোāĻļ্āϝাāϞ āϰিāϝ়েāϞিāĻāĻŽ āĻāĻāĻি āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝিāĻ āϧাāϰা, āϝা āϏāĻŽাāĻেāϰ āĻ āύ্āϧāĻাāϰ āĻ āĻāĻ িāύ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦāϤাāĻুāϞিāĻে āϏাāĻšāϏিāĻāϤাāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে āϤুāϞে āϧāϰে। āĻāĻি āĻļ্āϰāĻŽāĻীāĻŦী āĻ āĻĒ্āϰাāύ্āϤিāĻ āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖিāϰ āĻীāĻŦāύāϏংāĻ্āϰাāĻŽ āĻāĻŦং āϏাāĻŽাāĻিāĻ āĻ āϏাāĻŽ্āϝেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĢāϞāύ āĻāĻিāϝ়ে āĻĒাāĻ āĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏāĻেāϤāύāϤা āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰāϤে āĻাāϝ়। āĻāĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āϞেāĻāĻেāϰা āύিāĻĒীāĻĄ়িāϤেāϰ āĻĒāĻ্āώে āĻāĻŖ্āĻ āϏ্āĻŦāϰ āϤুāϞে āϧāϰেāύ āĻāĻŦং āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝāĻে āϏāĻŽাāĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āĻšাāϤিāϝ়াāϰ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰেāύ। āϤাāĻ āϏোāĻļ্āϝাāϞ āϰিāϝ়েāϞিāϏ্āĻ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ āĻāĻāĻ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āĻ āϏāĻŽাāĻāĻিāύ্āϤাāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻĒ্āϰাāϏāĻ্āĻিāĻ āĻ āϤাā§āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।
Comments
Post a Comment